翻譯原則珠璣語錄
（易讀版連結見留言）
I am somewhat of a ‘literalist’, because I am for truth and accuracy. （我算是個「直譯派」，因爲我求真、求準。）
——Peter Newmark, ‘A Textbook of Translation’, 1988
Translation ‘should be as faithful as possible, and as free as necessary.’ （翻譯應盡可能忠於原文，必要時自由釋意。）
——P. Cauer, ‘Art of Translation’ (‘Die Kunst des Übersetzens’), 1914. 德文原文 ‘So treu wie möglich, so frei als nöthig.’
What is first and most needful is that the translation should be correct, that the thoughts should be rendered by their correspondents, not falsified or mutilated or amplified by extraneous matter. （ 第一要務：翻譯應當正確，原作的思想應當以對應的思想呈現，而非用外來的東西加以篡改、肢解或擴大。）
——J. P. Postgate quoting (perhaps translating too) Friedrich Blass on ‘Die Überselzungen’, Hermeneutik und Kritik, volume I of Iwan Mueller’s ‘Handbuch der klassischen Altertums-Wissenschaft’
當我們說翻譯要「信達恰」時，便是要譯文「先忠於原文，再本身通順，最後還恰到好處」。當我們為一篇譯文打分數時，標準或許可以訂為：60%的信，30%的達，和10%的恰。能滿分的應該沒有，能有50分的信加上20分的達，便是及格而且中上了。
——董崇選，《中英翻譯：從理論到實踐》
By general consent, though not by universal practice, the prime merit of a translation proper is Faithfulness, and he is the best translator whose work is nearest to his original.
——J. P. Postgage, ‘Translation and Translations : Theory and Practice’, 1922
[I]n communicative as in semantic translation, provided that equivalent-effect is secured, the literal [1] translation is not only the best, it is the only valid method of translation. There is no excuse for unnecessary ‘synonyms’, let alone paraphrases, in any type of translation.
——Peter Newmark, ‘Approaches to translation’, 1981
註[1]：此處，Newmark 原文寫 the literal word-for-word translation，我去掉了 word-for-word，因爲我更同意 Wilss 大篇幅論述的一點：literal（字面）不等同 word-for-word（逐字）。見下一個引述。
In contrast to word-for-word translation, literal translation, which is set up bidirectional (not unidirectionally, as is the case with non-literal translation) , is a translation procedure which, under certain circumstances, is totally acceptable stylistically.
——Wolfram Wilss, ‘The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods’, 1981
從翻譯文學史上看，人們對意譯和直譯及其相互關係的認識是逐漸深化的。晚清時代梁啟超所說的“譯意不譯詞”中的“譯意”其意思就是“意譯”。但那時人們還分不清楚“意譯”與“竄譯”的區別。他們所說的“譯意” 或“意譯”就是指對原作隨意加以增刪改動的竄譯，正如把“直譯”也理解為逐字對譯一樣。實際上，翻譯界一直有許多人對“意譯”和“直譯”做了這種理解。有人認為翻譯的基本方法只有兩種，那就是“直譯”與“意譯”。這樣一來，就自然地把“竄譯”包含在了“意譯”中，同時也把逐字硬譯包含在“直譯”中了。這樣做對科學地區分翻譯方法是不利的。應該說，竄譯”是“意譯”的極端，而逐字硬譯是“直譯”的極端；但“竄譯”是以不尊重原作為前提的，不尊重原作首先就是既不尊重原作的“形”與“詞”，也不會尊重原作的“意”，其結果就不可能準確地譯出原作的“意”，因此不能稱之為“意譯”。
——王向遠，《翻譯文學導論》，2004
我們現在其實還沒很超過Postgate五十多年前論翻譯時候所注重的話。 他說：大家都承認，雖然大家不都實行，一個翻譯的基本優點就在乎一個信，誰翻譯的跟原文最近就是誰翻譯的最好。可是遠近旣然還是程度的問題，這話不是又說回頭了嗎？有一個有用的試驗法就是把譯文譯回頭，看是不是另有一個更恰切的原文可以對這譯文。如果有的話，那就是起頭兒翻譯的不夠信。
——趙元任，〈論翻譯中信、達、雅的信的幅度〉
Translation is in essence a compromise, and its course a zigzag. Its deviations from the straight the Translator with singleness of purpose will reduce to a minimum, while the free ‘Verter’ with one eye on the reader and the other more than half on himself will be tempted to extend them till they correspond to the large vistas of Beauty and Truth that these obliquities of vision can command. Such a one may ‘vert’ as much and as freely as he pleases; but if he seeks the humble title of a ‘translator’ he must change his methods or renounce his claim.
——J. P. Postgage, Translation and Translations : Theory and Practice, 1922
zigzag意思 在 ZigZag (삐뚤빼뚤 (ZigZag)) 的必吃
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