關於 wire the money ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Haven’t had izakaya in so long, good thing there’s @uncleray168!! Heard their curry is also pretty delish, try ordering from them if you’re also craving for some delicious izakaya skewers like me!! 🥰

✨ Self Pick Up 來店自取：
消費滿200元折扣40元、400元折扣80元，以此類推，沒有折扣上限喔。

Get $40 off on orders above $200
Get $80 off on orders above $400
The deal goes on & there’s no limit 🤣 So if you order $4000 worth of food, you’ll get $800 off 😳

🧔🏻‍♂️ Uncle Delivers 大叔替您外送
訂購金額滿350元，google地圖定位約4公里內，提前預約我們就可以替您外送。

Delivery option available on orders within 4KM! Order ahead so they can schedule the delivery!

若距離超出一些，也可跟大叔說，人力允許的狀況下，我們會盡力替各位服務的。

If your house or office is a bit out of the way, don’t worry, call and ask, and they may surprise you ✨

🚚 Lalamove 預約外送
我們替您預約司機，運費由“買方”支付，大叔補助部分車資（消費每滿100元，補助20元運費），由於要等待司機接單，所以建議早早預定。

Order ahead so @uncleray168 can help you schedule Lalamove! And for orders over $100, they’ll help pitch in $20 in your delivery fees!

⚠️ 注意！注意！Lalamove請先轉帳！
If you’re ordering thru the third option, please wire the money ahead of time!

餐點金額+運費-運費補助=您的匯款金額。
Meal cost + delivery fee - $20 (on orders above $100)= Your Total!

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☎️ 0968 888 258
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Scam 101

This year, 2020, it has been a tough and challenging year for all of us because of Covid19 crisis. Each of us is impacted in some ways. We need to understand that we all face the same storm, but we all are not on the same boat.

Some might have a better advantage than the others and some may struggle to survive. Covid19 has led to a dramatic loss of human lives, health, food systems and the world of work worldwide. The economic and social disruption is worrying.

This difficult times has shown us how fragile life is and one of the main things in life that we need to survive, unfortunately, is having money. All of us need money to provide the necessities to live.

During these rough times, many unethical parties are also waiting to take advantage of unsuspecting individuals who also need money. This parties we called scammers. They capitalise on people's hardship and fears to manipulate other vulnerable people.

Be aware that scammers are also sophisticated with their tactics and have many types of schemes and businesses that they disguised to look legitimate and interesting, but their motive is to swindle your hard-earned money and take advantage of your situation. Once they get what they want, they will vanish.

This is crucial, I urge my family, friends and followers to be more vigilant when making business and investments decisions to not fall into their lies and fake promises.

How to detect this unscrupulous parties
❗Always do your research first hand (information is everywhere, check thoroughly) and don't quickly jump into the bandwagon even if everyone around you is doing it
❗Investment with guaranteed profit (this is a red flag - no such thing as guaranteed, if yes, this is a very dangerous business and potentially a fake one)
❗Too good to be true business model and promises (be realistic)
❗Business or investment that lures you to join and give you 'offer of a lifetime or limited time'
❗Huge returns or profits (even better than the financial institutions? - doesn't make sense)
❗Pyramid schemes, based on enrolments/recruit people - people are the product (if they are pushing this agenda, you know you are the product = scam)
❗MLM business that is a cover-up illegal pyramid scheme (they said they are MLM and legal) - please check this difference in their business model
❗Brands that source for brand ambassadors and said everything is free, but have to pay for the shipping fee (which cost a lot) at the end and sometime unreasonable commission schemes (this is becoming more
and more, beware influencers)
❗Macau Scam - impersonate authorities/trusted officials to get a large sum of money (please check this carefully when you get any phone calls)
❗Love Scam - contact you with fake profiles (too good to be true profile), praise, engaged and try to strike a relationship with you, before they commit fraud in the end)
❗Many more - debt collection, settlement, relief, mortgage, imposter, oil scam, apps scam, religious and charity scam, social media and online business scam, grandparents scam, lottery or prize scams, wire or money transfer fraud and more - stay vigilant

Ways to avoid being scammed
✅Always deal with individuals, entities that are registered, licensed or trustworthy (depends on the type of business, check with the relevant authorities/parties) - do your background check
✅Ask questions and request for important information. They shouldn't be easily triggered and emotional
✅Check with relevant authorities before investing or depositing any monies even it is a small amount
✅Don't be pressured or rushed by anyone. Find time to do your research when you want to get yourself into something
✅Be sceptical if there's no proper documentation in writing and if you are not certain with the legality
✅Beware of investments and making money opportunity over the internet. This is their playground
✅Secure your personal information. Don't leak them to untrusted parties
✅Keep copies of all documents or writings when you agree with any parties

I have seen so many individuals and groups of people around me that have been scammed and in businesses that are scamming people.

Let us all exercise extreme caution when being offered something lucrative and being promised heavens on earth. If someone is promising you quick and so much money (rich), no risk, and everything seems perfect/too good to be true, please be careful. Just remember, the faster and easy you get something better, the faster and easy you get something worse.

Report and file a complaint to relevant authorities if you know any scammers or has been a victim of scams.

Protect yourself from being a victim of a scam. It's better to have little or enough money but it belongs to us than having a lot of money that isn't ours, taking from unfortunate people and scamming people for a living. Remember this.

📜 [專欄新文章] A Secure State Channels Framework for Ethereum by Liam Horne 解析以太坊上的安全狀態通道
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Crosslink 第二天早上由 Liam Horne，狀態通道的主要開發團隊 L4 共同創辦人開場。本以為這場會提到筆者前一天晚上還看得霧煞煞的 Counterfactual ，沒想到這次的演講較為科普、以分享開發近況為主，也被以太坊基金會研究員 Chih-Cheng Liang 稱為最接地氣的一場！

何謂狀態通道？

比特幣的支付通道

若熟悉閃電網路，比特幣的支付通道是一個記錄支付行為的通道，只有開關通道時會接觸到區塊鏈。

假設A公司與B公司有頻繁的交易需求，兩方各自把 10 元放入支付通道中：

19:00 交易開始，兩方所擁有的錢: (10,10)

19:15 A->B 3元: (7,13)

20:10 B->A 7元: (14,6)

20:30 A->B 13元: (1,19)

21:45 B->A 4元: (5,15)

到了 21:45 時，交易結束，此時可以將交易結果 (5,15) 寫到區塊鏈上並分配結餘，而區塊鏈上有的紀錄就只有以下兩筆。

19:00 交易開始，兩方所擁有的錢: (10,10)

21:45 交易結束，兩方所擁有的錢: (5,15)

這代表著交易的結果能被記錄到區塊鏈上，卻大幅減少了要和區塊鏈互動的次數，不只可以降低交易雙方等待區塊鏈回應的次數與時間，也讓區塊鏈要處理的交易數量減少 。

以上只是提供一個很粗淺的例子，可以參考以下連結，精美圖示有助理解：

【動區專題】五分鐘看懂：圖說閃電網路 Ligntning Network

狀態通道 State Channel

由於狀態通道是在以太坊上，和比特幣的環境不同，所以實作方法不盡相同 (提示：UTXO)，但本質上是相同的概念：只要牽涉到「狀態轉換 state-altering」，我們就能開一個通道讓交易參與者在通道中任意次數改變「狀態的值」，而最終將結果寫回區塊鏈上就好。

這邊我引用 Pelith 創辦人 Ping Chen 對於狀態通道精闢的解釋：

狀態通道通常是有別種邏輯疊在上面的通道 — 陳品

也就是說，相對於支付通道的邏輯就只是參與者虛擬貨幣的數量，狀態通道通常指的是該應用場景有自身的邏輯/規則。

舉例來說，在一遊戲中，玩家所擁有的虛寶就可以被視為是許多種狀態：遊戲中金幣及等級的是數值、但同時也是狀態；而 (0,1) 可以用來代表道具的擁有狀態 (沒有，有)。

假設一玩家 A 在遊戲中的起始狀態為 (電卷, 金牌, 鞍切, 金幣, 經驗值) = (0, 0, 0, 300, 1)，隨著遊戲進行，虛寶/狀態的改變：

A 花費 100 金購買了金牌: (0, 1, 0, 200, 1)

A 首殺獲得 200 金、升兩等: (0, 1, 0, 400, 3)

A 花費 300 金用金牌合成了鞍切: (0, 0, 1, 100, 3) # 其實好像還要妖刀?xD

A 擊殺了 B 玩家，升一等: (0, 0, 1, 100, 4)

當玩家要登出、暫停遊戲時，最後的 (0, 0, 1, 100, 4) 就可以被更新到區塊鏈上，而下次登入時就會讀取這個區塊鏈上的狀態讓玩家繼續遊玩。

若了解了此例，就不難想像為什麼狀態通道被提出之時，遊戲以及虛擬貨幣的支付被視為最適合運用的兩個場景：給定參與者=玩家，在限定的場域中=遊戲，進行狀態的更新。

更多細節可以參考此一概念的提出人 Jeff Coleman 的解釋：點我

決策者 Mover

每一個狀態都有一位決策者，由通道中所有參與者輪流擔任。決策者透過對一狀態進行「簽署」來表達是否同意此狀態，也就是說狀態的正當性取決於當前的簽署是否來自正確的決策者。

狀態確認 Valid Transaction

狀態的先後順序是驗證狀態是否有效的方法。取決於應用的場景，有不同的實作方式。若簡單以一個計數器 counter 來實作，只要要求新狀態的計數值為舊狀態 +1，即可驗證。

state(N).counter + 1 == state(N+1).counter

關閉通道與終結性 Finality

當沒有更多交易或有參與者決定要結束交易時，只要全部參與者皆同意就可以關閉通道，ex: 給一 boolean 變數 isFinal，全部人都把自己的 isFinal 皆設為 true 就可以將通道關閉。

萬一有參與者半途消失了？Finality 終結性指的就是「每一個狀態都可以是最終的狀態」。假設部分參與者消失，只要有搭配的機制，例如：計時器，就一定會輪替到仍在線的人；即使參與者全部消失，當前的狀態因具備終結性，所以也能被提交為最終的狀態。

狀態通道實作的規劃與開發進程

Liam 將實作狀態通道的規劃劃分成上圖的六層：

Protocol & Contracts:

- State Progression Protocol

這邊就是上方的「決策者、狀態確認、關閉通道與終結性」。

除了以上所提及的內容，目前團隊也正在開發更方便的協議 Protocol Hardening：有別於交易的結束需要所有參與者的同意，目標是想做到「在特定時間內，任一參與者都能自行決定交易的推進或結束而不受其他參與者影響」。

- Channel Funding Protocol

此處是系統設計的另一個協議 Nitro Protocol，也就是如何開「子通道」，可以參考以下連結：

Nitro Protocol

Client & Hub:

- Client & Protocol Engine

這部分是講 Client 端彼此之間會傳送什麼訊息來進行溝通。

https://specs.counterfactual.com/en/latest/protocols/install-virtual-app.html#the-installvirtualappparams-type

- Client API & Wire Protocol

以下的 Github 專案就是將上方三部分的協議內容實作到網頁端：

counterfactual/monorepo

目前第一版的狀態通道已正在運行了，詳見下方額外學習資源的 Connext。Liam 列出了一些實作第二版時必須納入考量的點：

Robustly store states (i.e., guarantee no accidental money loss)

Automatic detection and responding to challenges

Ability to launch challenges directly with in-browser hooks

Go-to production quality hub software for apps and businesses to use

Browser Wallet UX:

- Wallet Integrations

這些是將狀態通道實作於現存的各種 Wallet 時，需要新增的內容：

https://github.com/counterfactual/monorepo/blob/d3b06b42710c0b7dd93839033cb43da9ac6e0a28/packages/types/src/node.ts

- Wallet UI

最後則是區塊鏈、也是所有新技術能否被廣泛使用的大哉問：該如何設計才能讓使用者有良好的體驗？

在此 Liam 提出實作 Wallet 時可以考慮的要點：

How should a user interact with a state channel?

What are the best patterns for acquiring user consent?

How much does the user have to trust the app?

To what extent can your channel wallet protect you?

What policies should a channel wallet be able to enforce?

額外學習資源

Liam 在本場演講及 Panel Discussion 中，都很鼓勵大家一起跳進來當開發者。他的大致建議如下：看懂相關文章、開發的要求 specs，就可以試著做做看。卡住的時候就到以下連結的討論區詢問他們，包含 Liam 在內的開發人員都會在上面回答問題：

State Channels - A community of state channels researchers from bitcoin, ethereum, and other blockchains

狀態通道的 Github：

State Channels

已成功實作第一版狀態通道的 Connext 專案：

Where will I be able to use v2.0 of Connext?

讓筆者看得霧煞煞的 Counterfactual ，可以進一步提升狀態通道的效率：

Counterfactual: Generalized State Channels on Ethereum

結語

本次演講實為筆者綜觀 Liam 在 Youtube 上的影片後，他對狀態通道最簡單、親民的一次演講，主要著重於介紹開發的進程、應注意的要點，也提供了初探此議題的新手很多學習資源、推坑大家加入開發的建議！

其實陳昶吾博士也曾於 Taipei Ethereum Meetup 詳細介紹過此議題(閃電網路為主)，有興趣者可以看以下影片來得到更完整的認識：

最後，如果我的文章有幫助到你/妳，可以看看我的其他文章，歡迎大家一起交流 :)

田少谷 Shao - Medium

一如往常，感謝 Yahsin Huang 及 Chih-Cheng Liang 幫忙審稿，辛苦了！也特別感謝 Ping Chen 耐心回答素未蒙面的我的問題！！

A Secure State Channels Framework for Ethereum by Liam Horne 解析以太坊上的安全狀態通道 was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

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