我教我也學. 其實很想每天有很多時間自修英文. 剛又寫信給3位老師甚至教授, 希望能得到回覆. 每天時間都不夠用, "年紀越大, 需要的睡眠時間比年輕時少" 這件事在我身上不適用.
Question 1 : The Differences
a) Talking about tasks & duties:
Appoint vs Assign vs Designate
b) Well equipped vs Well appointed
c) Peculiar vs Weird vs Campy
Question 2 : The usage of Past Simple Tense
I've read lots of sentences in past simple tense where the overall dialogue or article is in the present tense. For example:
"[Did] you know that aquariums are not a recent invention"
"I [was wondering/I wondered] if you could come and see me sometime next week."
"Hey girls! Just [wanted] to share this suicide hotline list on here in case you or someone you know should ever need it"
"I [wanted] to ask if you know whether...."
Verbs (whether auxiliary or not, wanted, was wondering or wondered) in past tense is used in the above examples. Is it because the tone of past simple make them sound softer or more diplomatic? It's been confusing and I haven't been able to find the answer to this. Could you please help make it clear for me? I kind of feel that using past simple tense appropriately indicates the natural speaking ability
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過36萬的網紅Atsueigo,也在其Youtube影片中提到,UPDATE for my book is available from the following link!!!!! http://toefl100.web.fc2.com/pdf/UPDATE/Update1.pdf WEBPAGE: http://real-japanese.webs.c...
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past tense of sound 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
在托福和雅思講話速度是高分關鍵嗎?
實際上,言語表達的速度是托福評分委員第一個會去注意的重點。
同學們可以運用老師的示範例題來精進自己答題的速度和流暢性:
TOEFL Sample Answers with Script: https://goo.gl/FRqqUs
留意示範的速度,但是自己在唸的時候不用一開始就刻意讓自己講得很快。記得你現在是在學習的階段,在過程中讓自己的速度接近最佳速率即可! 連結中的講稿也會協助各位同學習得一些有用的詞彙跟片語,這樣往後在應答的時候就可以減少自己思索詞彙的時間 ,這才是達到高分的關鍵!
詳細說明:
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
在托福考試中口說的部分,各位考生會被以3項評核標準來給予評分:
(1.) Delivery 表達
(2.) Language Use 語言使用
(3.) Topic Development 話題發展
今天,就要帶著大家一起來鑽研托福口說「Delivery 表達」,而這個環節又牽涉到流暢性 (fluency)、發音 (pronunciation)、聲調 (intonation) 、和可理解度 (intelligibility) 。這些評分標準在雅思公開評分表也有出現!
☆☆☆☆ Fluency ☆☆☆☆
流暢性(fluency)常會同時主觀地和規則化地依照考生當下論述的速度來做評估,而在考 試過程中,考生比較常犯的錯會是: 中間有太多不必要的停頓 (unnecessary pauses)、 錯誤的開場白 (e.g. She...er, "he" was late)、錯誤地把某些音節的念法加長 (lengthened syllables)、不斷重覆之前提過的語句和反覆使用相同的單字片語 (retraces and repetition)。
托福考官究竟是如何去判定一位考生口語流暢度的好壞呢? 根據托福考試的相關研究顯示 ,考官最常以同學們說話的速度 (speech rate)、猶豫的頻率(hesitations)、是否不斷一 直重複語句以及反覆修補答題內容 (repetition and repair) 這幾個項目給予評分。根據ETS的統計,應答速率最好每秒鐘大約涵蓋4個音節(例如:在一秒內說完I’m speaking fast這個句子),而一般母語人士的平均速度大約是每秒鐘涵蓋5個音節左右(例如:在一秒 內說完I'm speaking quickly這個句子),所以若以此來做區分,一般程度較高的考生, 他們的平均速度大概會落在每秒鐘說4.4個音節,而中等程度的其他考生會是每秒鐘說3.3 個音節左右的速度。
Sources:
https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-13-13.pdf#page=19
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
所以現在問題來了,是只要口語表達的速度越快,就絕對會幫你取得高分嗎? 當然不是,不要忘記前面所提到的 (2.) 語言應用能力和 (3.)主題內容延伸這兩個項目耶是會被列入口語測驗的整體表現評核喔!然而,同學們還是要瞭解,運用適中的速度作答其實對各位在 Delivery 這個向度取得高分是絕對必要的。
同學們常常會誤以為托福的口說測驗,只要放慢速度作答就OK,而放慢速度乍看之下是直覺上可行的一個做法,因為如果將回答的速度放慢,相對地也會給考生更多的時間去思考並減少語法上可能犯的錯誤,但是在這邊必須告訴各位同學,這樣是沒辦法幫各位取得高分的。
因為一旦放慢了講話的速度,其實第一時間就影響了你應答的流暢性了。所以,同學們在平常準備時是否就應該講得快一些呢? 在這邊要提醒,同學們要懂得去區分語言學習以及考試評分之間的差別,初學者理當在剛開始沒辦法講得太快,因為他們還需要時間去回想可以用的一些詞彙和該詞彙的正確發音,但是在實際參加考試的時候,言語表達的速度絕對是評分的其中一個指標,評分者不會去特別顧慮你是不是初學者,這一點同學們一定要知道,而實際上,言語表達的速度也是評分委員第一個會去注意的重點。
再者,大部分的同學所面臨的問題,其實並不是作答的時候講得太快,從而需要放慢速度來減少語法上的錯誤。考生們實際缺乏的是足夠的字彙量和正確的語法知識背景,因而無法表達自己的想法,也因為這樣就迫使考生們在答題過程中必須停下來去思索一些自己平常不太會用的詞彙或片語。不幸的是,由於本身對於一些基本詞彙和表達方式的不熟悉, 就會導致在應答的時候犯了很多詞彙跟語法應用上的錯誤,在這過程中,也會伴隨著前述 的: 不間斷地停頓、錯誤的開場白、一直猶豫不決、錯誤地把某些音節的念法加長、不斷 重覆之前提過的語句、反覆使用相同的單字片語,而這些缺失狀況都是拉低各位同學的分數的關鍵。
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
同學們可以運用老師的示範例題來精進自己答題的速度和流暢性:
TOEFL Speaking Answers with Script: https://goo.gl/FRqqUs
留意示範的速度,但是自己在唸的時候不用一開始就刻意讓自己講得很快。記得你現在是在學習的階段,在過程中讓自己的速度接近最佳速率即可! 連結中的講稿也會協助各位同學習得一些有用的詞彙跟片語,這樣往後在應答的時候就可以減少自己思索關鍵字的時間 ,這才是達到高分的關鍵!
Current Events: https://goo.gl/nxWPk4
這個連結會協助各位針對時事的相關詞彙和背景知識,這當然也能幫助大家減少一些作答時的停頓。
☆☆☆☆ Pronunciation ☆☆☆☆
正確地發音是托福考試評核考生們言語表達成熟度的第二項指標,而這個標準指的是每一個音是如何被發出和聽者所感知到的每個音的發音情況,雖然托福考試並沒有預期同學們在應答時要聽起來像是母語人士,但是同學們的發音和咬字還是必須要讓母語人士能夠輕鬆地聽懂,這樣才能夠取得高分。
https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-13-13.pdf#page=20
同學們可以利用以下資源來精進自己的英文發音:
English Pronunciation 英文發音
4 part Series - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIJs8ES9xU8
L and R sounds Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVSlTyulmqY
L and R sounds Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-HDqVSK0LE
TH sound (Unvoiced) - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTPfN_Q1G-I
TH sound (Voiced) - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbpE6fW4jgo
-ed sound for regular past tense verbs explanation -
http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htm video -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7hi-ipU2n0
Echoing 臺大史嘉琳老師--每天請聽「回音」十分鐘(上)(pp. 8-10) http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/69_hello_et.pdf
臺大史嘉琳老師--每天請聽「回音」十分鐘(下)(pp. 12-14) http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/70_hello_et.pdf
☆☆☆☆ Intonation ☆☆☆☆
精準的聲調應用是托福考試評核同學們言語表達成熟度的第三項指標,而這部分的評核又 超越音段的層級,這是甚麼意思呢?其實一般母語人士時常會就句子中某些帶有新訊息之 詞彙 (content words) 的重音節加重音調,而實際上,其他非英語系國家的第二語言學 習者也被發現到一件事,就是他們在英文發音上的音域和延展性其實又更窄而且受到更多 限制 (narrower or more compressed pitch range),當然,這邊又要再提一次,托福考試並沒有預期同學們在應答時要聽起來像是母語人士,但是他們還是會去注意你有沒有正確地加重音調。
https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-13-13.pdf#page=21
同學們可以觀看一下這段影片來精進自己在英文口說方面的聲調應用
English Intonation:
Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2bHdXcszJ4
Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh6kUsJcu3k (practice)
Part 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k80wiT0t2rc (questions)
Part 4 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLGJb63mkyA
☆☆☆☆ Intelligibility ☆☆☆☆
表達(Delivery)的最後一項評核標準就是你所應答的內容,其本身易於被聽眾所理解的程度 (intelligibility)。廣義來說就是任何一位聆聽者為了充分了解你所論述的資訊跟重 點,他所需付出的“努力程度” (degree of listener effort that was required to understand the speaker)。今天如果你言辭表達的可理解性越高,聆聽者當然就越能夠 輕鬆領會你的意思。那要如何檢測自己言辭表達理解性的高低呢?同學們只要找一位具合 格、稱職的老師,幫你就一位母語人士的觀點來了解聽者需要花多少時間或心力來徹底理 解你實際所想要表達的意思。
Delivery 評核的相關討論到此為止,以上所分享的所有資訊並非是要分散同學們自然地學習或練習英文的注意力,而主要是想藉機跟同學們分享評分委員在 口語測驗中針對每一位 考生言語表達成熟度進行評分的思維和重點是什麼而已,其他像是 Language Use (語言使用) 和 Topic Development (話題發展) 延伸等層面,將來也會進行類似的討論分享給大 家。希望各位同學還是要持續努力準備考試,也祝福各位考生如願達成高分!
評分委員評斷Delivery的流程圖: http://i.imgur.com/eSiCgm1.jpg
Sources:
https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_speaking_rubrics.pdf https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-13-13.pdf
http://arts.kmutt.ac.th/dral/PDF%20proceedings%20on%20Web/37-44_Synergy_of_Mixed_Method_Approach_to_Development_of_ESL.pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9153&rep=rep1&type=pdf
雅思公開評分標準: https://www.ielts.org/PDF/UOBDs_SpeakingFinal.pdf
past tense of sound 在 Step Up English Facebook 的最佳解答
Chắc hẳn các bạn đều nắm được cách phát âm đuôi -ed. Vậy hôm nay hãy vừa ôn lại - vừa luyện đọc tiếng Anh bằng một bài viết hướng dẫn cách phát âm này hoàn toàn bằng tiếng Anh nhé
Share cho bạn bè cùng học bài này nhé!
You may have noticed that in English, past tense verbs with an -ed ending are pronounced in three different ways:
[t]
[d] or
[Id].
For example:
If I say the past tense verb “walked“, as in, “I walked away,” what is the last sound that you hear in the verb? “Walked” [wakt]
The -ed verb ending sounds like a [t], “Walked” [wakt], even though it ends in the letter “d”.
What do you hear when I say: “smelled“, as in, “it smelled bad.”
The -ed verb ending sounds like a [d]: “smelled” [smeld]
And when I say, “visited”, as in “I visited New York City”, how did I pronounce that “-ed” ending? [Id] [vizitid].
The -ed verb ending sounds like [ɪd], [vizitid].
Why the Sound Changes?
Place your fingertips on the front of your neck, and pronounce the following words. What do you feel on your fingers when you say the underlined sound?
vow | fake (vvv | fff)
zebra | snake (zzz | sss)
–> When we pronounce voiced sounds, our vocal chords vibrate when we say those sounds. [v] [z]. Did you feel the vibration?
–> When we pronounce voiceless sounds, our vocal chords do not vibrate. [f] [s]. No vibration.
This vibration or lack of vibration then carries forward to the following sound in the word. Therefore, this vibration or lack of vibration explains why we pronounce the past tense of verbs in three voiced or voiceless ways: [t], [d] or [Id].
1) [t] final sound
Verbs ending in voiceless sounds [p, k, θ, f, s, ʃ, tʃ] cause the “-ed” ending to be pronounced as the voiceless [t] (with no vocal chord vibration).
[p] “He popped a balloon.” [papt]
[k] “They talked a lot” [takt]
[θ] “th”: “She frothed a cup of milk” [frawθt]
[f] “I laughed at the movie.” [læft]
[s] “She kissed a frog.” [kIst]
[ʃ] “sh”: “We brushed it off.” [bruʃt]
[tʃ] “ch”: “I reached around for it.” [riytʃt]
2) [d] final sound
Verbs ending in the voiced sounds [b, g, ð, v, z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ, r, l] cause the “-ed” ending to be pronounced as a voiced [d].
[b] “It bobbed up and down.” [babd]
[g] “He begged her to stay.” [bɛgd]
[ð] “She breathed loudly.” [briyðd]
[v] “They loved it.” [luvd]
[z] “We raised her expectations.” [reyzd]
[dʒ] “They bridged the gap.” [brIdʒd]
[m] “I claimed it was mine.” [kleymd]
[n] “They banned new members.” [bænd]
[ŋ] “She banged into the chair.” [bæŋd]
[r] “He cleared it up.” [kliyrd]
[l] “I rolled up the paper.” [rowld]
3) [əd] or [ɪd] final sound
Verbs ending in the sounds [t] or [d] will cause the “-ed” ending of a verb to be pronounced as the syllable [əd] or [ɪd].
[t] “I visited the Empire State Building.” [vɪzɪtəd]
[t] “She edited the research paper.” [ɛdɪtɪd]
[d] “We ended the game early.” [ɛndɪd]
[d] “He breaded the chicken.” [brɛdɪd]
Nếu muốn phát âm đúng, bạn cần luyện nghe thật nhiều.
-st-
past tense of sound 在 Atsueigo Youtube 的最佳貼文
UPDATE for my book is available from the following link!!!!!
http://toefl100.web.fc2.com/pdf/UPDATE/Update1.pdf
WEBPAGE: http://real-japanese.webs.com/
This is one of the Real Japanese Studio's classes.
Atsu, a native Japanese, teaches the real and contemporary Japanese with his Real Japanese Book.
Japanese learners tend to study Japanese with typical books or classes which introduce only weird too correct Japanese, which is rarely used among natives.
Let's take up Japanese studies together using my REAL JAPANESE TEXTBOOK!!!
You don't wanna sound weird right?:D
Real Japanese Textbook is finally available from the link below.
http://real-japanese.webs.com/
*YOU NEED TO HAVE A PAYPAL ACCOUNT TO BUY IT.
CONTENT:
・ 37 Carefully selected contemporary/frequently used vocabulary
・ Detailed explanation on each vocabulary
・ Over 100 comtemporary example sentences
・ Corresponding lectures (some have restricted access)
・ Priviledge to ask "ATSU (Real Japanese Instructor)" up to 10 questions
Print length: 123 pages
Format: PDF
It's been proofread by two Americans and one Philipino.
So English used in the book is totally fine.
You can also download a SAMPLE of the textbook so you can make sure the quality is worthy.
http://toefl100.web.fc2.com/pdf/SAMPLE/sample.pdf
FB: http://www.facebook.com/RealJapaneseStudio
past tense of sound 在 Atsueigo Youtube 的最讚貼文
UPDATE for my book is available from the following link!!!!!
http://toefl100.web.fc2.com/pdf/UPDATE/Update1.pdf
WEBPAGE: http://real-japanese.webs.com/
This is one of the Real Japanese Studio's classes.
Atsu, a native Japanese, teaches the real and contemporary Japanese with his Real Japanese Book.
Japanese learners tend to study Japanese with typical books or classes which introduce only weird too correct Japanese, which is rarely used among natives.
Let's take up Japanese studies together using my REAL JAPANESE TEXTBOOK!!!
You don't wanna sound weird right?:D
Real Japanese Textbook is finally available from the link below.
http://real-japanese.webs.com/
*YOU NEED TO HAVE A PAYPAL ACCOUNT TO BUY IT.
CONTENT:
・ 37 Carefully selected contemporary/frequently used vocabulary
・ Detailed explanation on each vocabulary
・ Over 100 comtemporary example sentences
・ Corresponding lectures (some have restricted access)
・ Priviledge to ask "ATSU (Real Japanese Instructor)" up to 10 questions
Print length: 123 pages
Format: PDF
It's been proofread by two Americans and one Philipino.
So English used in the book is totally fine.
You can also download a SAMPLE of the textbook so you can make sure the quality is worthy.
http://toefl100.web.fc2.com/pdf/SAMPLE/sample.pdf
FB: http://www.facebook.com/RealJapaneseStudio
past tense of sound 在 ed Pronunciation;We pronounce / t / after voiceless sounds 的必吃
13-feb-2013 - Simple Past Tense Regular Verbs - ed Pronunciation;We pronounce / t / after voiceless sounds: / p /, / k /, / s /, / f / and voiceless / th ... ... <看更多>