關於 my duty app ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Halfway through 2021.. (a pretty lengthy post)

It's a time to remind me to relook at my goals and focus again😌 This would mean there will be some changes in my social media content and choosing what is good for me. Focusing on my work, trying to stabilize it and setting out the new plans.

Now when it comes to my kids... at every stage of their life, I'm always learning how to handle them and making changes to how we can all improve. Recently, I have adopted a reward point system, which I was against it previously. WHY?🤔 Because I did not feel the need to reward something which I feel that it's their responsibility or duty?

Sometimes, we do need to take a step back and try if it works WHEN ALL ELSE FAIL 🤣. Like I always tell my kid, "If you never try, you will never know."

So I started the rewards system. Initially, I used an app (@wearesmoresup) that was shared in my IGS, but I encountered a problem. I did not allow my kids to use gadgets, so the app became pointless even though I really love it and how I wish they have web version too.

Anyway, back to rewards, so I set the rules even on basic stuff, so they can feel that goals are easily achievable which in turns helps to motivate them on tougher work.

Steps on making rewards work
1. Give each other a time of adaptation (磨合期), like a week. So you will know what to adjust and the kids know how the system works.
2. Points are rewarded when they do it automatically. Once you have to remind them, they will not be rewarded any points.
3. Be fair. Especially if u have more than 1 child, both tasks and consequences are to set the same, unless the age gap are too big.
4. Encourage them to help remind each other on the task they need to do.
5. Pin it up at the living room or place where they spent most of their time.
6. Give simple rewards, like extra TV time, play time, outdoor activity instead of toys all the way.

I set their rewards according to the points. So whenever they hit the points, they can redeem it. So example:

Extra play time 20 points
Superpark 150 points
Science Centre 50 points

so if they have 200 points, they can choose to redeem any of the rewards above.

Ok, that's about the rewards. Here comes the schedule.

All along, I did the schedule just for myself and one to put outside. But this time round, I made a slight change, I do for the girls too. So each one of them have their own schedule chart. They will have to follow the schedule that is given to them.

It's just less than 5 days of trying how this whole thing works, but so far I have seen slight improvement especially on Xin He. No more screaming at her to wake up in the morning. That's is very important, because we all want to start our day nice. 🤭

When I shared about the rewards and schedule in my IGs, many people has requested for my template, so I have put up the template here lnk.bio/missyqiqi. Feel free to download and use it. Hope it helps, and welcome any suggestions or ideas 💡 that we can all improve together!

這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。（加拿大法院鏈接在此：https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8）

這位法王的桃色事件，我是幾年前才聽到。但，藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞，我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過，也有一些活佛跟她表白。（這不只是她，其他地方我也聽過不少）

這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。

很多時候發生這種事情，信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇，或者說她們也精神病，或者說她們撒謊。

我不排除有這種可能性，但，多過一位，甚至多位出來指證的時候，我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。

大寶法王的桃色事件，最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒，第二位是香港的女出家人，現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。

對大寶法王信徒來說，這一次的比較麻煩，因為是有孩子的。（關於有孩子的，我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時，就有聽聞）

如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA，這對法王和他的信徒來說，會很尷尬和矛盾，因為做或不做，都死。

你若問我，我覺得『人數是有力量的』，同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來，是不出奇的。

我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒，如果你們真的愛佛教，先別說批判，但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議，你是間接害了佛教。

（下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容，當中有很多細節。）

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

ANALYSIS

A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?

F. Delay / Prejudice

CONCLUSION



INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).

[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.

[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.

[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.

[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.

BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.

[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.

[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.

[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.

[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.

[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.

[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.

[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.

[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.

[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.

[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.

[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.

[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:

a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;

b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;

c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;

d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.

[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.

[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.

[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.

[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:

I will definitely find a way to meet her

And you

Remember to take care of yourself if something happens

[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.

[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.

[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.

[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.

[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.

[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.

ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:

3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person

(a) is married to another person, or

(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and

(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or

(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.

[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).

[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.

[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.

[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.

[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.

[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.

[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.

[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.

[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.

[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.

[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.

[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:

[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.

[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:

1. Shelter:

(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?

(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?

(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?

2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:

(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?

(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?

(c) What were their feelings toward each other?

(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?

(e) Did they eat their meals together?

(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?

(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?

3. Services:

What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:

(a) preparation of meals;

(b) washing and mending clothes;

(c) shopping;

(d) household maintenance; and

(e) any other domestic services?

4. Social:

(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?

(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?

5. Societal:

What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?

6. Support (economic):

(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?

(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?

(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?

7. Children:

What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?

[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).

[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:

[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.

[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.

[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.

[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:

[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.

[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:

a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.

b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.

c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.

d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.

e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.

f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.

g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.

[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.

[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.

[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.

[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).

[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.

[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.

[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.

[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.

[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.

[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.

[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.

[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:

[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.

[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.

[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.

[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:

[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.

[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:

[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …

[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.

[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.

F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.

[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.

[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.

[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.

[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.

[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.

[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.

[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.

[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.

CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.

[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.

[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.

“Master Elwood”

Aaron smiling so brightly here because... Mama just got him more snacks! Was packing for our staycation and thought I needed a couple more items. I was on “Aaron duty” so I decided to order what I needed from pandamart on @foodpandasg app. pandamart offers a wide range of selection of baby product essentials - available 24/7, delivered to my doorstep. My order arrived within 35 minutes!

Baby Fair is happening from now till 23 May and you can enjoy up to 33% off - buy more & save more deals on diapers, milk formula, baby personal care & more! These 2 codes will offer you additional savings! for flat $12 on your first pandamart order + extra 2 $10 off vouchers, or use to take $20 off $100!

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我是丽婷！我爱旅行、拍美食视频、写文字，分享和纪录下生命中美好的时刻，与家人朋友共享的时光❤ 这是我在浮罗交怡自由行的全记录，希望对你们未来的旅程有帮助，有什么疑问可以在影片地方留言哦！谢谢观看！

【Langkawi Island Travel Guide 2020】浮罗交怡自由行「省钱攻略」

?【住宿 Hotel Stay】
由于这次的自由行是“穷游”所以这次我们选择了比较靠近机场和便宜的民宿
Myvilla langkawi 这里的环境很好而且外观也很美，只是美中不足的是这里的泳池有点小，而且是在蛮靠近民宿大门入口处
RM60/晚 （没有包括早餐）
这是我们居住的酒店：https://bit.ly/31rfrrZ
温馨提醒：大家可以先到他们的官方脸书了解详情，因为有时候他们是在脸书张贴优惠的贴文，这样大家可以直接whatsapp 或是打电话预购房间（需要付一晚的费用为定金）
电话号码： +60 19-883 4300
#省钱攻略 #浮罗交怡 #Langkawi


?【交通 Transportation】
相较于车子，如果是双人游的话，建议大家可以租摩托哦（每日的租金介于Rm25-30之间）
汽油只需RM5就能填满整辆摩托车啦


?【免税巧克力和酒精饮料】
适合买酒和买巧克力的地方 （价格比较便宜）
1）Warisan Duty Free langkawi
2）Coco valley (就在浮罗交怡水族馆旁边）
3）Cenang Mall 里面二楼还有两个巧克力店（那里的巧克力款式多而且也比较便宜哦）


?【道地美食 Local Food】
1⃣️ 马来蓝花饭店名：Nasi Kerabu Abe (蓝花饭+炸鸡+咸蛋+ 香料）
Rm15.50 （两人份的饭+ 一杯milo ice)
地址：12, Jalan Lapangan Terbang, Kampung Bukit Nau, 07100 Langkawi, Kedah


2⃣️ 海鲜饭店名：自己人海鲜煮炒 Ka Kee Lang Seafood Restaurant
这家店是在kuah小镇，我们两个人叫4道菜肴（皇帝菜、炸苏东（推荐）、蛤蜊高汤、酸辣鱼片）还有加上两杯的凉茶才需要RM38令吉左右，真的是超级便宜的哦！这个价钱在pantai cenang的海鲜饭店绝对吃不到哦！

地址：47, Persiaran Mutiara 2, Pusat Dagangan Kelana Mas, 07000 Langkawi, Kedah


? 以下是我们在浮罗交怡三天两夜的开销
1. 从Bandar Utama 乘搭MRT到KL Sentral (RM3 /如果是坐Grabcar 就是RM16）
2. 从KL Sentral 坐skybus 到KLIA2,每隔一个小时就会有一趟巴士 （RM15)
3. 飞机票我是购买亚航的zero fair， 所以只需要给机场税务，一趟RM12,所以来回旅程只需要 RM24哦！
4. 浮罗交怡三天两夜租摩托费用 (Rm50)
5. 摩托的油费（Rm5) 如果是3天2夜的行程，其实只需添3令吉的油已经足够了
6. 民宿（RM60x2夜=RM120）
7. 巧克力喝酒精饮料话费 RM80
8. Nasi Kerabu Abe 两盘 Rm15.50

如果您还有问题想要问，欢迎到留言栏目提出您的问题??‍♀️ 我会尽快回复！ thanks for watching ♥️

============================================

? 我是在这里预购我的旅游配套的哦 ! Click here to get promotion package for this trip ?

1⃣️ 机场接送 浮罗交怡国际机场（LGK）至浮罗交怡 ： https://bit.ly/3iTUz2r
1⃣️ pick up service from langkawi airport : https://bit.ly/3iTUz2r

2⃣️ 浮罗交怡空中缆车 & SKYDOME天幕剧场：https://bit.ly/2Q9lURQ
2⃣️ famous langkawi cable car ticket: https://bit.ly/2Q9lURQ

3⃣️ 4G高速无限流量网络 :https://bit.ly/2YcltdR
3⃣️ Uroaming unlimited 4G wifi : https://bit.ly/2YcltdR

更多关于 浮罗交怡 的旅游配套 ? https://bit.ly/2YgzLdx
More promotion bundle on my langkawi trip ? https://bit.ly/2YgzLdx

♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥



如果您还有问题想要问，欢迎到留言栏目提出您的问题??‍♀️ 我会尽快回复！ thanks for watching ♥️

　 ∧ ∧
( - з -)
┏━〇〇━━━━━━━━┓
┃ 喜欢我的视频 ┃
┃ ♥欢迎订阅我的频道♥ ┃
┃ https://bit.ly/2WwZq05 ┃
┗┳┳━━━━━━┳┳--- ┛
　┗┛　　　　　　┗┛

开启小铃铛? (每周六晚上21:15) 收看最新影片喔！❤️

================☎ 欢迎与我联系 Stay Connected with Me ☎ =====================

➳ Website: milaylay.com （文字内容聚集地）
➳ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/milaylay__/ （旅游小贴士）
➳ FacebookPage : https://web.facebook.com/milaylaytalk （互动贴文）
➳Email : mailmilaylay@gmail.com （与我联系吧！）


✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂✂

☝ 推荐您轻松管理您的Youtube Channel的 APP ??
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[免费下载] 每个Youtuber必备的数据分析工具
➳ https://www.tubebuddy.com/Liting1121


【旅游 travel ? 】
? 泰国合艾必游必吃的景点以及美食 ? Hatyai Street Food You Must Not MISS OUT!
https://youtu.be/O9pm3Wn6St4
? 浮罗交怡自由行「超级省钱攻略」三天两夜只花RM300？！Langkawi Island Travel Guide 2020
https://youtu.be/6BpI7sVByoE
? 云顶高原10大好去处，现在的云顶真的不一样啦 ！2D1N in Genting Highland Vlog,10 places you must not missout !
https://youtu.be/0TuqZnZqfec
? 云顶室内游乐场Skytropolis有什么好玩？盘点5个最刺激的游乐场措施!5 Games you should play in Genting Highland Indoor Theme park
https://youtu.be/eF8hk4XzhcI
? 马来西亚芙蓉波德申 2天1夜这样玩！Malaysia Port Dickson 2D1N Vlog ！
https://youtu.be/t2ex8t2PtZ4
? 大马槟城必游景点! 这个地方让你从68层的彩虹天空步道鸟瞰整个槟岛 The Top Penang & Rainbow Skywalk
https://youtu.be/cCnuD16ZPQI
? 马来西亚必去的壁画街！这里的动物壁画都是3D的哦！免费开放拍照！
https://youtu.be/I_b4tZshG8Q
? 越南河内4天3夜自由行，必去景点和必吃美食！4D3N Vietnam Hanoi VLOG
https://youtu.be/3kbHh_Werio

【日常 ? 】
? 第二次在家剪头发，差点剪到眼皮？！要注意啊！ HOW TO CUT OWN HAIR IN 10 MINUTES
https://youtu.be/iyGi1snL-g4
? 7分钟带你去看马来西亚国会大厦！Parliament Malaysia Today 2020 Vlog
https://youtu.be/v_Ct3rIf81Q
? 你问我答|| "小时不读书，长大当记者" 这句话到底是真的吗？Q&A for Media Reporter
https://youtu.be/Yn_pXVxFNNw
? 你问我答|| 电视新闻记者赚多少钱？会很辛苦吗？Q&A for Media Reporter Salary
https://youtu.be/M344UbRfBlI
? 疫情下的泳池初体验|救生员戴口罩驻守泳池旁！Swimming Pool Reopen Under Covid19
https://youtu.be/NOTj7beX9sM
? 救命！第一次进入红树林，就整支腿陷沼泽地！我的红树林初体验 ！
https://youtu.be/GymeOyXMtXc
? 除了前线医疗人员，他们也是默默坚守岗位的人！Covid-19 Frontliner Malaysia
https://youtu.be/C_ENs9YEhz8

============================================
⬇️ ⬇️ 更多旅游视频 ⬇️ ⬇️ MORE VIDEO ABOUT TRAVEL ?

1⃣️ 芙蓉以及波德申 2天1夜 这样玩！
? https://youtu.be/t2ex8t2PtZ4

2⃣️ 清心岭休闲文化村 | Qing Xin Ling Leisure & Culture Village
有机会来到马来西亚怡保的朋友们可以来到这个仿佛是世外桃源的清心岭文化村哦！ ? https://youtu.be/bfFuthMlQbg

3⃣️ 【KL Hotspot Lorong Panggung 】著名的吉隆坡鬼仔巷壁画打卡
? https://youtu.be/DTpY7Ceo1G4

4⃣️ 【Genting Highland Indoor Themepark 】云顶室内游乐场Skytropolis有什么好玩？盘点5个最刺激的室内游乐场措施！
? https://youtu.be/eF8hk4XzhcI

5⃣️ 【Genting Highland 2D1N TRIP】云顶好玩// 我竟然用RM5玩【十元贩卖机】？！傻到自己都醉了~
? https://youtu.be/RgUWaITxFW0

6⃣️ 【Malaysia 3D Art Street Painting】巴生壁画 ：马来西亚必去的壁画街！这里的动物壁画都是3D的哦！免费开放拍照！
? https://youtu.be/I_b4tZshG8Q

7⃣️ 泰国合艾必游必吃的景点以及美食 ? Hatyai Street Food You Must Not MISS OUT!
? https://youtu.be/O9pm3Wn6St4

Trials of Mana (Seiken Densetsu 3) ตำนานดาบศักดิ์สิทธิ์ภาค 3 รีเมคใหม่อลังการกว่าเดิมเยอะ !!
☑ รายละเอียด https://appair.biz/News/318
☑ PC Download https://store.steampowered.com/app/924980
☑ PS4 & Nintendo Switch โหลดได้จากในสโตร์
☑ กำหนดเปิดจริง 24 เมษายน 2020
☑ ราคา 1,590THB (PC และ PS4) $49.99(Nintendo Switch)

ข้อมูลอื่นๆ ของเกมนี้
☑ Spec ขั้นต่ำ PC https://appair.biz/News/318#spec
☑ ใช้พื้นที่มากกว่า 20GB
☑ ไม่ต้องใช้เน็ตขณะเล่น (ออฟไลน์)
☑ เกมเนื้อเรื่องเล่นได้คนเดียว

ข้อมูลอื่นๆ
☑ ดูเกมมือถืออื่นๆ ได้ที่ http://appair.biz
☑ มือถือที่ใช้ปัจจุบัน iPhone X, iPad Air 2019 และ Mi8 Pro
☑ PC ที่ใช้ปัจจุบัน https://notebookspec.com/pc/6726282

ช่องทางการสนับสนุน
☑ PayPal https://paypal.me/shortybluejova
☑ Steamlab https://streamlabs.com/nitinaiphaisanpayak

Social Media
☑ Official Fanpage https://www.fb.com/shortybluejovaofficial/
☑ กลุ่มคนแอบเล่นเกม https://www.fb.com/groups/gamerlab/
☑ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/shortybluejova
☑ My Team Fanpage https://www.fb.com/nngamingtv

#shortybluejova

Music by Ikson - New day

Nov 7-13 2018 Autumn Trip.
It was a great experience wandering around from the city of jeju to seoul during this beautiful autumn season!

Itinerary for this trip:

Day 1
- Air asia KUL-ICN
- Took pocket wifi (Play wifi) at Terminal 1 incheon airport
- Incheon airport to Gimpo airport
- Jeju air GMP-CJU
- Check in On the Stone Guest House, Seogwipo Jeju
- GS 25 convenient store for late dinner

Day 2
- Breakfast at paris baguette cafe
- Seongsan Ilchulbang (Hiking to sunrise peak)
- Check out on the stone guest house
- Store luggages at Jeju airport
- Took Jeju tour bus
- Dongmun traditional market (tangerine season)
- Check in Maro Hostel, jeju city
- Dinner at bada janchi restaurant

Day 3
- Check out Maro hostel
- GS25 convenient store airport for breakfast
- Easter jet CJU-GMP
- Check in Bong backpackers hostel, jongro seoul
- Kwangjang market (local foods)
- Cheongyechon stream (seoul lantern festival)
- Dongdaemun gate

Day 4
- Breakfast at hostel
- Nami island (whole day)
- Lunch at asian family restaurant, nami island
- Rent bicycle at nami island
- Gapyeong top land bungee jump (didn’t join, not an adrenaline rush person?)
- Myeongdong shopping street by evening (skincare & street foods)

Day 5
- Breakfast at hostel
- Bukchon hanok village
- Gyeongbokgung palace
- Gwanghamun square
- Lunch at itaewon (makan halal korean restaurant)
- Doota duty free dongdaemun (souvenirs)
- Myeongdong shopping street
- Dinner at yoogane chicken dakgalbi restaurant

Day 6
- Breakfast at hostel
- Namsan tower (using cable car return ticket)
- Seoul skygarden park
- Starfield coexmall & library
- Ewha women’s university
- Ewha shopping district (skincare, souvenirs)
- Paik’s coffee cafe
- Dinner at MCD

Day 7
- Breakfast at hostel
- Check out Bongz backpackers hostel
- Air asia ICN-KUL

*Transportation at Jeju mostly using public bus and taxi due to problem with our car rental while in Seoul was all public transport like bus and train, which is way efficient and no regret! '
*Using T-money travel card, filled up a survey on KTO MY website before our trip and managed to get the card for free. Just need to top up once in korea.
*Navigation app that we used in seoul was Naver mapp app which is more accurate and convenient.
*All accommodations were backpackers style but still clean and affordable. Stayed in mixed room at bong hostel in seoul while only male room at on the stone guest house and maro hostel, jeju.