[Keywords / #法式甜點關鍵詞] 糕點、甜點、下午茶,到底誰是誰?/ Pâtisserie, dessert, and goûter, who's who? (for English, please click "see more")
糕點、甜點傻傻分不清楚?沒關係,你不孤單!
這陣子讀了點書、做了一些小小的研究,想要把一些心得分享出來,讓大家對法式甜點的概念能夠更清晰。關鍵詞系列第一篇,我們來看看那些在中文世界裡經常混在一起的名詞:糕點、甜點,你知道它們到底哪裡不一樣嗎?
🔖「由於東西方的甜點製作方法、用餐習慣與發展脈絡完全不同,#中文中非常缺乏能夠明確定義與對照西方甜點的詞彙,所以經常在翻譯時左支右絀、模糊不清,例如不管是「biscuit」 還是「cake」或是「gâteau」都可能被翻為「蛋糕」。...在這篇文章中,我試著從 #法文的定義與歐洲甜點的發展歷史出發,簡要解釋「#pâtisserie」與「#dessert」的不同,並說明目前中文世界中常見的詞彙用法,最後和大家分享法式甜點中下午茶「#goûter」的來源,以及這個法國人童年的甜美回憶,如何悄悄地推動現代法式甜點的發展。」
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The difference between "pasty" (pâtisserie) and "dessert" (dessert) could be very vague sometimes. Sometimes they are interchangeable, sometimes not. It is even more difficult to distinguish them in Chinese-speaking world as having pastries or desserts is not as institutionalized as in France (or in Western culture in general) and the way of making them is non-identical. It could cause some problems when translating / reading / comprehending texts in different languages.
In this article, I look into the brief history of French pastries and the definition of vocabularies of these two words. Then I try to figure out how they could be differentiated and when they seem to include each other. I also talk about "goûter", the French word for "afternoon tea", and how it got influenced by the five-o'clock fashion originated in the UK. Click on the link below to find out more (the post is written in Chinese).
#yingspastryguide #frenchpastrykeywords #yingc
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3,640的網紅Roller Katherine,也在其Youtube影片中提到,雖然係花式滾軸溜冰嘅代表,但同樣係花式滑冰教練嘅我今次影片同大家分享一下 1.我溜冰嘅器材之外,重有~ 2.解答大家對冰刀鋒利度嘅迷思! 3.重會講解溜冰基本物理原理 4.同埋教大家刀套嘅用法 5.最後重有講要點樣用刀套去保養溜冰鞋! 希望我嘅分享可以幫助到大家啦! Though I am an A...
「difference different用法」的推薦目錄:
- 關於difference different用法 在 Ying C. 一匙甜點舀巴黎 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於difference different用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於difference different用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
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difference different用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
[詞彙區別] people, individual, persons, human, man, mankind, humankind 的區別:
在寫作的時候,有些同學為了避免重複使用相同的詞彙,卻選用了意義上不盡相同的單字,而無法精確地表達出自己所想傳達的想法。這問題很可能來自於考生平時在語言學習上過於依賴中英翻譯,因此考生在不夠了解某些一字多義的詞彙的情況下,很容易造成讀者的誤解。舉例來說,spend vs. cost vs. take (花費),borrow vs. lend vs. loan (借),這些字的中譯都很非常類似,以中文為母語的考生在使用上,只要稍微一不注意,就容易錯誤使用。甚至有些考生會以offspring (子孫; 後代) 來代替 children (小孩),我們若是查字典了解其義,就會知道 offspring 比較常出現在正式的科學用法上,泛指動物的後代及植物的幼苗。
為了幫助同學增加詞彙量並且精確地在口說和寫作上使用這些字。我會用使用一個新的同義字系列清楚地區分這些類似的字並幫助同學們在文章中正確地使用它們。同學們也應該在使用這些字之前先查查字典,以了解這些字的使用方式。
People 的同義字
★★★human (human being) ★★★
我們使用human being這個字來強調我們和動物的不同。 We used human being to stress our difference from animals or aliens (in science fiction).
1. Dogs can hear much better than humans.
2. That is no way to treat another human being.
★★★man★★★
我們用man這個字來指男性、全部的人類、或指特定某一時代的人類。 We used man to talk about adult male human or humans as a group (or humans from a particular period of history).
1. The relationships between men and women are often complex and puzzling.
2. This is one of the worst diseases known to man.
3. Man had caused considerable damage to the environment.
4. Being a modern man today is no different than it was a century ago. It’s all about adhering to principle.
★★★mankind★★★
我們用mankind這個字來強調全部人類這個概念。 We used mankind when we talk about all humans as one large group.
1. Pollution is something that harms mankind across the globe, and disasters like war and famine have affected mankind all through our history.
*Man和mankind傳統上一直是用來指所有的男性和女性。很多人現在偏好使用humanity這個字和humankind來避掉性別歧視的問題。
Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean “all men and women.” Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people to avoid being sexist. Humankind is used as a gender neutral alternative to “mankind.”
★★★person★★★
person這個字是指人的單數。A person in the singular to refer to any human being.
1. He was a very nice person, always pleasant and friendly.
Persons 是 person的複數,是一個在文件或法律條文中使用的單字。
Persons (plural) is a very formal word. We only use it in rather legalistic contexts:
1. Any person or persons found in possession of illegal substances will be prosecuted.
2. The police are looking for three separate persons who were in this area.
People 也是person的複數,可指所有的人類或特定狀況中的一群人。它也可以指所有的國民。
People can refer to all human beings, or to a group of persons in a particular situation. It can also mean "all the citizens," as in a political leader who understands the needs of the people.
1. There were at least a thousand people in the audience.
2. The people are tired of hearing political rhetoric! They want action, not talk.
★★★individual★★★
我們用individual來強調個人以和團體做區隔。We used individual to stress that a person considered separately rather than as part of a group.
1. Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.
2. Three separate individuals walked into my store.
除了以上的用法,同學也可以用代名詞 (e.g. everyone, they) 來替換”人們” 這個單字,也可以用形容詞來更明確的指出某一群人(e.g. most, some, a few, all)。
Summary:
✎ 通常會用"people"這個詞彙來指稱一般的社會大眾;另一方面,如果想要去強調一個團體當中的每個人,則會使用"individuals"。
✎ 想要將所有人類當成一個大族群去做論述的時候,通常只會用"mankind/humankind"或是"the human race/human beings"等詞彙。
✎ 想要去強調一個人的人性面時,通常會用"human being"。
E.g. How could you do this to another human being? He has rights!
✎撰寫科學性質的相關文章時,才會運用到"Homo sapiens"。
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=443676912389120
Sources:
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
http://www.ldoceonline.com/
http://www.merriam-webster.com/
http://www.vocabulary.com/
difference different用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
[詞彙區別] on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand 的用法區別
在學術英文寫作,常常會需要做兩個觀點的正反面比較,或是提出另外一種看法,有三個最常見的片語可供選擇:on the contrary,in contrast 與 on the other hand,但這三種片語容易混淆常常造成寫作者的困擾,以下老師提供每個片語的解釋和用法,給同學參考,希望對同學有幫助。
===========================
◆on the contrary: (恰恰相反、相反地)
Use “on the contrary” when you have just said or implied that something is not true and are going to say that the opposite is true.
用來表示與先前的看法相反或極不相同,或表示先前看法的不是真的,現在說的才是真的。
E.g.
When I first met him, I thought he was a modest and gentle person. On the contrary, he is arrogant and ruthless.
A: I hear you enjoy running.
B: On the contrary, I find it to be tiresome.
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◆by contrast, in contrast (to/with): (對照之下、與……成對比)
Use “by contrast” or “in contrast (to/with)” to show that you are mentioning a very different situation from the one you have just mentioned.
“In contrast” and “by contrast” mean the same thing: the act of comparing in order to show differences. The difference lies in the way the words are used. “In contrast” is usually followed by “to” or “with” and requires a noun to follow it. “By contrast” is usually followed or preceded by the subject of the sentence.
In contrast 和 by contrast 意義相同,都是用來對比兩件事或兩個人之不同處。但他們的用法不盡相同。In contrast 通常會與 to 或 with 連用,用法如下:in contrast to/with+名詞。
E.g.
In contrast to the diligent bee, the butterfly seems to fly around without a clear purpose.
In contrast with most local programs, the federal government's plan looks beyond just economic growth.
Cats usually sleep in the day. Dogs, by contrast, never settle down.
-------------------------------------------
◆on the other hand: (另一方面)
Use “on the one hand” to introduce the first of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something. It is always followed later by on the other hand or on the other.
是對同一件事物,提供不同角度或切入點,或對剛才的說明再加入一個不同的事實。
E.g.
The writing class is taking up too much of my time; on the other hand, I’m learning a lot about writing.
I hate working in a clothing store, but on the other hand, there are also some advantages.
===========================
總結來說,在寫文章的時候,如果你已經預設了立場,要表達與之前的說法相反或強調之前的說法是錯誤的,可以用 on the contrary。若要做客觀的觀點對比,不加入個人對錯想法,只是單純比較時就用 by contrast 或 in contrast (to/with)。而 on the other hand 則是說明一件事情的兩面,或是不同的看法,雖有部分人士認為此片語不夠正式,但在學術語料庫出現的頻率可是這三個裡面最高的。
References
http://mail.scu.edu.tw/~cynthiay/4-15.htm
http://newgenerationresearcher.blogspot.tw/2010/02/on-contrary-in-contrast-on-other-hand.html
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/contrary.html
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/on-the-one-hand-on-the-other-hand
詞彙區別: http://tinyurl.com/mzmvsns
difference different用法 在 Roller Katherine Youtube 的最佳解答
雖然係花式滾軸溜冰嘅代表,但同樣係花式滑冰教練嘅我今次影片同大家分享一下
1.我溜冰嘅器材之外,重有~
2.解答大家對冰刀鋒利度嘅迷思!
3.重會講解溜冰基本物理原理
4.同埋教大家刀套嘅用法
5.最後重有講要點樣用刀套去保養溜冰鞋!
希望我嘅分享可以幫助到大家啦!
Though I am an Artistic Roller Skating Representative, but I am also a figure skating coach on ice. This time I am going to share with you:
1. My skating equipments
2. Explain the myth on the sharpness on skating blade
3. Explaining the basic physic on skating with blade
4. Teach the difference of using hard and soft guards
5. At last, to share the way to maintenance the skates
Hope my sharing can help you a bit!

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