關於 dictionary terms ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

早安～羨慕艾蜜莉能到巴黎展開綺麗人生嗎？
來看 #BBC 西班牙記者剖析用外語的優勢！

Why Using a Foreign Language Could Make You Better at Work
外語在職場上的絕對優勢

🧐 I recently spent four months working at the BBC in London, and English always sounded far smarter in my head than when it came out of my mouth. I often forgot words, made grammatical slips, and missed the usual precision of my native Spanish. It felt like trying to eat soup with a fork. As I write this, I have a dictionary open in front of me because I have learned to mistrust my ideas about what some words mean.

我最近在倫敦的BBC工作了四個月，口中吐出的英文總是沒有我腦海裡想的一樣聰明。我經常會忘記單詞、文法失誤或無法像是在講母語西班牙文那麼精準。那種感覺就像是用叉子喝湯。在寫這篇文章時，面前是一本攤開的字典，因為我開始懷疑自己對於一些詞彙的了解。

🌤 But there is a silver lining for those who are working in languages other than their native one. Research has recently shown that people who can speak a foreign language are likely to be more analytical. Other studies have suggested that people who are bilingual make decisions in different ways from those with one language.

但是職場上工作語言不是母語其實是有好處的。近期研究顯示，會多一門外語的人通常會多一點批判性思考。其他研究顯示，雙語人士相較於只會一種語言的人來說，做決策的方法會不太一樣。

📚 It suggests that as well as giving you an extra string to your bow in terms of where you can work and who you can work with, a foreign language also makes you a different kind of worker. But the real question is – does it make you a better worker?

除了多一些工作和工作夥伴的選擇之外，會一門外語也會讓你跟一般員工產生差異。但問題來了，擁有外語會讓你在工作上表現更好嗎？

邏輯推理、情感抽離
為何用外語能帶給你職場優勢？
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——
原文連結請看留言
——

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[時事英文] 2020熱門英文單字

2020榜上有哪些熱門英文單字呢？

來看看柯林斯辭典(Collins Dictionary)怎麼說吧。

音檔: https://www.instagram.com/p/CJFFrpDlYS7/

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"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic. It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.

1. declare 宣布
2. word of the year 年度熱詞
3. a sharp rise in its usage 使用率飆升
4. encapsulate (v.) 概括、濃縮
5. the shared experience of billions of people 億萬人的共同體驗

世界著名的英語辭典——柯林斯辭典率先宣布，「封城」因為在新冠疫情期間使用率飆升，成為2020年的年度熱詞。柯林斯辭典在宣佈「封城」為本年度熱詞時表示，該詞「概括濃縮了億萬人的共同體驗」。

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Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year. Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".

6. up from… 從
7. furlough (n.) （員工或軍人的）休假，探親假 ; （v.) 准許…休假；強制…休假
8. key worker (n.)關鍵工作人員*
9. self-isolate (v.) 自我隔離
10. social distancing (n.)社交距離**
11. coronavirus (n.)冠狀病毒

詞典編纂者在2020年記錄人們查詢了超過25萬次「封城」，而去年只有4,000次。在十強名單中，其他與流行病相關的術語還包括「休假」、「關鍵工作人員」、「自我隔離」和「社交距離」以及「冠狀病毒」。

*A key worker/ critical worker is a public/ private-sector employee who is considered to provide an essential service, e.g., doctors, nurses, teachers, etc.

**social distancing: http://bit.ly/2WBRJGs

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Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020. Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.

12. social and political upheavals 社會和政治的變化
13. the Black Lives Matter movement 「黑人的命也是命」維權運動
14. an increase in usage 使用量增加

其他和病毒無關的排行單字則反映了2020年的社會和政治變化。其中如美國黑人喬治・佛洛伊德死亡後，柯林斯表示「黑人的命也是命BLM」一詞的使用量增加了581%。

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"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list. Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on the platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.

15. be modelled on 以～為原型
16. the withdrawal of…from… 從～撤出
17. make the list 列清單；（組成）排行榜上
18. share content 分享內容
19. mukbang （大胃王）吃播
20. broadcast videos 播放影片

「抖音創作者」也在社群媒體佔有一席之地，其描述在抖音平台分享內容的人；而「吃播」這個詞起源於南韓，描述了播主播放自己吃大量食物的影片。「梅根脫英」是一個以英國脫歐一詞為原型的術語，該詞在排行榜上，並曾被用來形容薩塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人從王室職務中撤離一事。

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Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. "Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize. “With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."

21. a reflection of ～的體現、反映、表達
22. be dominated by 被～主宰
23. the global pandemic 全球疫情
24. enter a second lockdown （來到）第二次封城（抗疫）
25. sum up 總結

柯林斯辭典的語言內容顧問海倫·紐斯特德說：「語言是我們周圍世界的體現，2020年已經被全球疫情主宰。封城影響了我們的工作、學習、購物和社交方式。隨著許多國家第二次封城抗疫，這當然不是一個值得慶祝的年度熱詞，但卻算是能最好概括和總結今年的詞。」

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文章來自《BBC》
完整報導: http://bbc.in/37DQNay

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時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc

【國際新聞英文】https://bit.ly/36ucwRZ

如何學習英文單字: https://bit.ly/3oFKFnS

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How would you sum up 2020?

「收賄」、「白手套」英文怎麼說？
　
Accept bribes? White gloves?
　
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《中華民國刑法》
　
Article 122

A public official or an arbitrator who demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits for a breach of his official duties shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than two million yuan may be imposed.

A breach of official duties shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or with imprisonment for not less than five years; in addition thereto, a fine not more than four million yuan may be imposed.
　
1. public official 公務員
2. arbitrator 仲裁人
3. accept a bribe 收受賄賂*
4. a breach of official duties 違背職務**
5. be sentenced 判處
6. imprisonment 監禁；關押
7. a fine 罰金
8. impose 強制實行
　
第 122 條

公務員或仲裁人對於違背職務之行為，要求、期約或收受賄賂或其他不正利益者，處三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，得併科二百萬元以下罰金。

因而為違背職務之行為者，處無期徒刑或五年以上有期徒刑，得併科四百萬元以下罰金。

全國法規資料庫: https://bit.ly/2Dk8Ia4

*bribery: https://bit.ly/31bwsFj
**breach: https://bit.ly/3k5qcHJ
　
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那「白手套」呢？

White gloves? Not really...
　
The term "white-glove" is typically used as an adjective. It means providing a very high level of service, or involving a lot of care about small details:

白手套(white-glove)通常用作形容詞。表示提供非常高的服務水準，或與諸多照護細節有關：

➣The cruise company does not want to risk alienating the other passengers who don't get the white-glove treatment.

郵輪公司不想冒險讓其他未接受白手套待遇的乘客變得疏遠。

➣We know that when extra attention is required, our white-glove delivery service will not disappoint.
　
當您有特殊要求，我們的白手套配送服務一定不會讓您失望。

—Cambridge Dictionary

https://bit.ly/3hZTw0r
　
Wait…that doesn't fit our context!

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According to the South China Morning Post, the expression “white gloves,” when used as a noun, was coined in Taiwan!

“The innocuous-sounding euphemism ‘white gloves’ generally refers to a middleman or outfit that launders dirty or corrupt money under a seemingly legitimate front - dirty hands concealed by a pair of white gloves. The expression, coined by the Taiwanese, is catching up fast on the mainland as rampant corruption is exposed at all levels of the bureaucracy.”
　
9. coin (v.) 創造（新詞或新的表達方式）；首次使用（某一詞語）
10. innocuous-sounding 聽起來無害的
11. launder (v.) 洗（贓款） ; money laundering 洗錢
12. legitimate front 合法的地帶; 僞裝（人或機構的）僞裝；假裝的樣子
13. conceal 隱藏
14. catch up 了解（或討論）最新情況
15. rampant 猖獗的；蔓延的
16. bureaucracy 官僚體制；官僚主義
　
據《南華早報》的報導，「白手套」作為名詞的用法，首見於臺灣!

「聽起來無害的委婉用語『白手套』通常是指中間人或公司，他們在看似合法的地帶清洗髒錢或賄款——髒手則藏於白手套當中。這種由臺灣人首創的表達方式，正在中國迅速傳開，因為猖獗的腐敗現象已於官僚體制的各個層面暴露出來。」

詳見《SCMP》：https://bit.ly/3i2cqUA
　
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我個人會用「middleman」或「go-between」。

請注意，「middleman」是指批貨後轉售他人者，或協助他人安排商業交易者。該詞本身並不具有任何犯罪或不法行為等負面意涵（negative connotations），亦須有上下文才足以呈現「白手套」的概念。
　
另一方面，「go-between」是在雙方無法見面或不想見面時，將消息從一人（或一個團隊）傳給另一人（或另一個團隊）的人。例如，聯合國代表將充當兩國領導人的中間人（或掮客）——「go-between」，而它的搭配你可以用「act/serve as a go-between」。「go-between」 的一個同義詞是「intermediary」。

❖再次提醒各位，若缺乏前後文，這些用語就不能完全代表「白手套」的涵義。底下我將舉出一些在腐敗情況中所使用的例子。
　
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I. middleman
　
"Many of these middlemen stay on the right side of the law, offering advice and connections. But others cross the line. They grease the palms of officials and local managers, and they put a buffer between the payoff and the client, offering plausible deniability if the authorities catch on."
　
17. connections 社會關係；人際關係；可資利用的熟人
18. cross the line（行為）越過界線
19. grease (v.) 用油脂塗；給⋯⋯加潤滑油
20. buffer 緩衝物；起緩衝作用的人
21. payoff 賄款；遮口費
22. plausible deniability 合理推諉
　
「在這些中間人裡，有許多人站在法律這邊，提供建議與人脈。但其他人卻踰越了界線。他們成為官員與地方經理人的潤滑劑，並在賄款與委託人之間置入緩衝物，起到合理推諉的作用，以防當局上門。」
　
詳見《紐約時報》：https://nyti.ms/39MMwkM

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II. intermediary
　
"For China’s elite, a 'white glove' is an intermediary who launders your money; they handle the dirty deeds, while you keep your hands clean. 'White gloves' are often well-connected Westerners, such as former top politician Bo Xilai’s two European fixers, British businessman Neil Heywood and French architect Patrick Devillers. Using a BVI shell company, the two men helped Bo’s wife Gu Kalai buy a 7 million euro French mansion and rack up rental fees on it."

23. elite（社會）上層集團；掌權人物；出類拔萃的人；精英
24. deed（尤指很壞或很好的）事情；行為
25. well-connected 與顯貴人物有交情的；與有影響人士有來往的；很有背景的
26. fixer 籌謀者；安排者（尤指精於用不正當手段來操辦事情的人）
27. BVI (The British Virgin Islands) 英屬維京群島
28. shell company 空殼公司
29. fixer 安排者（尤指精於用不正當手段來操辦事情的人）
　
『對中國的權貴來說，「白手套」是幫你洗錢的中間人；他們負責處理骯髒的事，讓你的雙手保持乾淨。「白手套」通常是與權貴有交情的西方人士，例如前副國級領導人薄熙來的兩個歐洲籌謀者——英國商人海伍德以及法國建築師德維利耶。兩人藉由一家英屬維京群島的空殼公司，幫助薄的妻子谷開來買下一座價值７００萬歐元的法式豪宅，並大大提高了租金。』
　
詳見《石英財經網》：https://bit.ly/30lFnEJ
　
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III. go-between
　
"The offence is similar to bribery with one important difference: trading in influence concerns the 'middleman', or the person that serves as the go-between the decision-maker and the party that seeks an improper advantage."
　
30. offence (US offense) 犯罪行為；罪行
31. bribery 賄賂
32. trade in influence 斡旋賄賂；影響力交易
33. serve（為⋯⋯）工作；（為⋯⋯）服務；盡職責
34. improper advantage 不當利益
　
『此一罪行與賄賂相似，但有一個重要的區別：斡旋賄賂係指「middleman」或人充當決策者與尋求不當利益方的中間人（掮客）——「go-between」』。
　
詳見 Anti-Corruption Resource Center：https://www.u4.no/terms
　
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歡迎在底下留言與我們分享更多相關字詞（例如：prosecutor、corruption charges、litigations⋯⋯）。

圖片出處: Google Image

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如果同學對於如何分析英文時事，以及如何進行批判性思考有興趣，歡迎加入我們的課程！

🌎國際新聞英文－六步驟思考術 | 最後優惠倒數 ► https://bit.ly/3eTHIvH

🌎國際新聞英文課程ＦＡＱ：https://wp.me/p44l9b-2lK