最高法院,你說的算?你要確定neh?
根據最高法院審理110年度台上字第3266號湯景華殺人案件新聞稿:「依聯合國人權事務委員會在西元2018年對公政公約第6條做出第36號一般意見的拘束力解釋,對應到我國刑法架構,所謂最嚴重的罪行是指涉及直接(確定)故意殺人的犯行,間接(不確定)故意殺人則不可以適用死刑。」
為了釐清英文intent/intention/intentional/intentionally的意思,半夜特別去找出之前從亞馬遜買的美國刑法二手教科書,當時,那本書從訂購之後隔了好一段時間才寄來,除了花好多天以及一些運費以外,地址還被是寫中國的一省。(書目資料:Criminal Law Today (5th Edition) 5th edition by Schmalleger, Frank J., Hall, Daniel (2013) Paperback)
回到正題,根據書的內容,犯罪的主觀要素分成普遍故意(general intent)以及特定故意(specific intent)。並舉例,如果行為人內心渴望犯罪結果發生,則有特定故意;如果行為人是故意為行為但缺乏渴望結果發生的這個想法(例如:是為了讓入侵者配合不侵害自己的財產而拿斧頭砍入侵者的腳),則屬於普遍故意。
知道了兩個種類的故意(intent)之後,現在我們要來與確定/不確定故意來做對應。
根據美國的模範刑法典(Model Penal Code,MPC),將犯罪主觀狀態分成4種,分別是:「蓄意」(purposeful)、「明知」(knowing)、「魯莽」(reckless)以及「過失」(negligence)。
書中並指出,MPC中的「蓄意」與普通法上的「特定意圖」是相同的,從這句話可以推論出:普遍故意最重落在MPC中的「明知」,或者也有可能落在「魯莽」,而「過失」由於明顯差距太大,這裡不考慮。
而MPC的「明知」,是指在知悉結果是很可能發生的主觀狀態下為行為,並且不要求行為人對該結果發生的特別意圖。由於我國第13條故意的類型沒有再區別是否有使結果發生的特定意圖,因此可能相當於我國《刑法》第13條第1項「確定故意」或第2項「不確定故意」。
至於下面一個等級的「魯莽」,則是對於主觀犯罪要素的「知」介於有與無之間的中性狀態(行為人沒有希望事情發生,也沒有希望事情不發生,在魯莽的狀態下行事),大概就是我國「不確定故意」與「有認識過失」中間那條界線(在我國是非黑即白,在美國是一種獨立的主觀狀態)。
套用到本案中,如果根據最高法院新聞稿中採用的事實:「湯景華預見用火點燃停放騎樓的機車,#極易 造成火勢延燒到本案住宅及附近車輛,而且凌晨3 時左右,是一般人熟睡時刻,本案住宅樓上住戶 #會逃生不及,#而發生死亡的結果,也不違背其本意……」則應該是對應到MPC的「明知」。
承上所述,既然不確定故意落在MPC的「明知」與「魯莽」之間,而本案行為人主觀上具有殺人罪的「明知」狀態,那顯然具備普遍故意(general intent)。這也與People v. McDaniel(2011)案中提及:「A basic definition of general intent is the intent to perform the criminal act or actus reus. If the defendant acts intentionally but without the additional desire to bring about a certain result, or do anything other than the criminal act itself, the defendant has acted with general intent.」即使沒有特定意圖,仍使用「intentionally」的用語的情形相符。因此回到第36號一般性意見第35點,本案符合intentional killing的要件,並非不能宣告死刑。
雖然MPC中的「purposely」常被稱為「intentionally」,但是個人認為,從第36號一般性意見第35點的脈絡及體系觀察,「intentionally」只是要強調具備的故意狀態,與過失作區別,而無意排除「不確定故意」。
當然啦,以上很大篇幅是參酌英美法來解釋。不過無論如何,最高法院要把沒有在《兩公約》的條文上寫的文字拿來判決,還要自己當老大自為改判被告燒死6人而歷審都判死刑的判決,連雙重確認的機會都不想留,而且判了就會定讞、未來就算用非常上訴或再審也不能判更重的,那更有義務要清楚澄清「根據《兩公約》不確定故意,不能宣告死刑」是從哪邊出來的。是把「直接且故意」錯譯成「直接故意」?還是道聽塗說?不然,難道是抄襲廢死聯盟的文章?(前一篇:https://www.facebook.com/FuriousProsecutor/posts/1822169637957458)
而且,固然主觀狀態是刑法中極為重要的要素,但真的能夠因為主觀狀態不在法律歸類裡面的最嚴重的等級,就能outweigh其他所有情狀,認為不是最嚴重的犯罪嗎?何況,最高法院在98年台上字第2750號刑事判決敘明:「故意屬犯罪之不法要素,即構成要件該當性之主觀構成要件,除有特別規定外,及於直接故意與間接故意,並無軒輊。至在罪責判斷上,故意固具可非難性,惟直接故意抑間接故意,在科刑時於以行為人之責任為基礎上,兩者對罪責之成立,並無區別。僅於審酌同條各款之一切情狀時,可為諸多標準之一,且非必然後者較前者為低,而仍須視其各行為之具體情狀綜合判斷之。」
如果因為主觀並非直接故意,就說不是最嚴重之罪,那我們也可以從犯罪的每個層面看,例如:只燒死6個人,沒有撞死49個人,不是最嚴重之罪;或者,行為人沒有對被害人凌虐、分屍,手段不是最殘忍,也不是最嚴重之罪。那麼這樣子解釋的話,沒有案件可以宣告死刑了。
最高法院對於高等法院的判決,只要有點地方寫不夠充分就動輒發回,結果自己的判決(目前是新聞稿)卻交代得不清不楚。這就好像老師常常把班上同學的作業因為字跡不整的理由退回,結果老師自己的評語就像鬼畫符一樣。
就算我學藝不精,上面寫的通篇都錯,貴為終審法院,而且還是自為改判,不管從哪裡得到這個判決的法源以及推理,一定要交代清楚,而不是一句話「第36號一般意見的拘束力解釋,對應到我國刑法架構,所謂最嚴重的罪行是指涉及直接(確定)故意殺人的犯行,間接(不確定)故意殺人則不可以適用死刑。」帶過就可以的。
如有錯誤或其他意見歡迎批評指正。
同時也有3232部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅Herman Yeung,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html -----------------------------------------------------------------------...
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definition英文 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
There’s rhythm in writing! 🎶
這個禮拜Presentality的Andrew來分享英文寫作的節奏!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
我的工作需要看非常多的英文。
其中有英文母語的人寫的,也有非母語的人寫的。最近,我注意到一個兩者之間很明顯的差別。這個差別很少有人提到,因為它無關文法正確,也不是有學問的用語,或是文雅的詞彙。
是句子的長短。
Well,更正確的來說,是長句跟短句的交錯。我發現,非母語人士寫的英文句子,不但比英文母語的人寫的長,而且是大部分句子都很長。
母語的人,尤其是很會寫的人,則是會把長句跟短句混合搭配。
那又怎樣?
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你可能會說 ok,以英文為母語的人比較會用短的句子,那又怎樣?句子的長短,跟我寫作的好壞,有關嗎?
關係可大了。
就像音樂,或是影片,文字也是「內容」。只要是「內容」,就有它的節奏。你可以想像一首曲子,從頭到尾都是很長的音,而且一點變化都沒有嗎?或是一部很長的影片,從頭到尾都是很長的畫面,而且一點節奏的變化都沒有嗎?
Well actually,你應該可以想像,這些就是要幫助我們睡眠的。
如果你不想要你的讀者覺得無聊或甚至睡著,我建議適度變換你文字的節奏。
但我們先看案例。
我拿一篇台灣人寫的文,跟另一篇美國人寫的,來做比較:把每個句子都分拆成不同的段落,句子的長短就一目了然了。
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但我們先看案例。
我拿一篇台灣人寫的文,跟另一篇美國人寫的,來做比較:把每個句子都分拆成不同的段落,句子的長短就一目了然了。
📌 台灣案例:Taipei Times Opinion
1. The TAIEX last month rose above 17,000 points as rallies in steel, shipping and some non-tech stocks offset a weakness in semiconductor and electronics stocks.
2. While news about a cluster of local COVID-19 infections connected with China Airlines cargo pilots and a hotel in Taoyuan fueled selling pressure early this month and pushed the local stock market into consolidation mode, the daily market turnover in the first two trading sessions of this month hit fresh highs.
3. Moreover, Taiwan’s stock trading volume last month began to surpass that of Hong Kong for the first time in 15 years, which was beyond most market participants’ expectations.
4. Taiwan’s daily market turnover exceeding Hong Kong’s might gradually become a new normal from this year, and there are good reasons for this.
5. First, Hong Kong’s stock market has lost its appeal to foreign investors since China last year imposed national security legislation on the territory, triggering a potential flight of capital and talent.
6. Second, many wealthy Taiwanese tend to park their overseas funds in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Switzerland and the US, but government statistics showed that more than 80 percent of funds repatriated by wealthy individuals last year were from Hong Kong, as they saw the political situation in the territory worsen after its self-governance, human rights and freedom of speech were further suppressed.
7. Third, China’s new NASDAQ-style stock board — the Shanghai Stock Exchange’s STAR board — has emerged as a fast-growing capital markets center for Chinese companies at a time when rising China-US tensions have triggered concerns about their prospects of listing in New York, posing a growing challenge to the Hong Kong stock exchange.
8. On the other hand, Taiwan’s economic fundamentals, the central bank’s adoption of extraordinary monetary easing and the government’s fiscal policies have fueled continued rallies in the nation’s stock market since last year.
9. It might be too early to tell how long the consolidation trend might last, as a resurgent COVID-19 outbreak is coloring the global economic outlook, but some insight can be drawn from the stock market:
10. Taiwan’s GDP grew a larger-than-expected 8.16 percent in the first quarter, as exports and private investment remained healthy.
都是一堆很長的句子對不對?我們來看美國人寫的句子,也是一個主流媒體的 opinion 文。
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📌 美國案例:New York Times Opinion
1. I miss torturing Liz Cheney.
2. But it must be said that the petite blonde from Wyoming suddenly seems like a Valkyrie amid halflings.
3. She is willing to sacrifice her leadership post — and risk her political career — to continue calling out Donald Trump’s Big Lie.
4. She has decided that, if the price of her job is being as unctuous to Trump as Kevin McCarthy is, it isn’t worth it, because McCarthy is totally disgracing himself.
5. It has been a dizzying fall for the scion of one of the most powerful political families in the land, a conservative chip off the old block who was once talked about as a comer, someone who could be the first woman president.
6. How naïve I was to think that Republicans would be eager to change the channel after Trump cost them the Senate and the White House and unleashed a mob on them.
7. I thought the Donald would evaporate in a poof of orange smoke, ending a supremely screwed-up period of history.
8. But the loudest mouth is not shutting up.
9. And Republicans continue to listen, clinging to the idea that the dinosaur is the future.
10. “We can’t grow without him,” Lindsey Graham said.
📌 Note: 即使是比較長的句子,這位作者也會用標點符號拆散它:She is willing to sacrifice her leadership post — and risk her political career — to continue calling out Donald Trump’s Big Lie. 這就好比用句點一樣,讓我們讀起來有點停頓休息的時間。
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📌 注意到了嗎?
台灣人寫的英文,句子都偏長,而且長度都差不多。
美國人寫的就不一樣了:一個只有五個字的句子開頭,然後一堆稍微長一點的句子,然後再來一串短句。
你可能懷疑我故意挑選很極端了例子出來,而且幹嘛專門打台灣人呢?
所以想到這裡,我從我的書架上,隨便挑了兩本跟科技有關的書出來。左邊的,是美國人,矽谷知名投資人 Peter Thiel。右邊的是德國人,但注意了,是一個英文非常好的德國人。他不但是世界經濟論壇的創辦人,研究所也是在哈佛大學唸的。
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📌 兩本書 Introduction 是怎麼寫的?
Klaus Schwab (德國):
Of the many diverse and fascinating challenges we face today, the most intense and important is how to understand and shape the new technology revolution, which entails nothing less than a transformation of humankind.
We are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing the way we live, work, and relate to one another.
In its scale, scope and complexity, what I consider to be the fourth industrial revolution is unlike anything humankind has experienced before.
Peter Thiel (美國):
Whenever I interview someone for a job, I like to ask this question: "What important truth do very few people agree with you on?"
The question sounds easy because it's straightforward.
Actually, it's very hard to answer.
It's intellectually difficult because the knowledge that everyone is taught in school is by definition agreed upon.
See the difference?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 如何變換節奏呢?
需要Andrew的完整分享請留言「There’s rhythm in writing~」。
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definition英文 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
「校正回歸」英文怎麼說?
疫情指揮中心的官方用語是「The CECC retroactively added 400 cases to the total number of COVID-19 cases calculated over the past week」。
疫情指揮中心將400例本土個案校正回歸至上週統計之個案總數。
資訊來源:
英文版
https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/Bulletin/Detail/kaCBRaVv-mS42PYGsK4V1g?typeid=158
中文版
https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/wqV3lKEhPhIxfAcYUmxgyA?typeid=9
但是使用英文時必須考量語域(register)。例如跟朋友溝通時,用詞應不會如此正式。我個人可能會跟朋友說:「The CECC revised/adjusted/updated its COVID-19 case count today.」然後再更進一步地補充說明,使聽者了解整件事的來龍去脈。
相關詞彙:
•retroactively 有追溯效力地;溯及既往地
•COVID-19 case count 新冠病毒案例
•revise 修訂;修正;修改
•adjust (尤指為了使某物更正確、有效或合適而)調整,調節
•update 更新; 提供最新資訊
圖片出處:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En
Feel free to add more~
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註:
1. 語域:https://bit.ly/2SsdxTg
2. retrospective與retroactive有何區別: https://bit.ly/3oKMzF8
3. backlog多以名詞型態呈現,較少以動詞型態呈現。
(n.) 未完成的待(應)辦事項 ; (v.) 累積未完成的待(應)辦事項
https://www.lexico.com/definition/backlog
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/backlog
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/backlog
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/backlog
definition英文 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的精選貼文
Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
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E1. Elective I : Monopoly Pricing, Anti-competitive Behaviours and Competition Policy 壟斷定價、反競爭行為及競爭政策 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r5Fz1mXcELz7CQ79Omr6nb
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Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pTsr5jwcpqD4fcPTQZetR8
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ohGrOAWAsVQK3PFBqrXf2V
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pFSFPWu1LJvURZujQzVJvD
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8odYV54ZMTkj2m7BWvMU9pB
電子書 (中英對照版 - 230頁) (HK$19.90)︰
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電子書 (純中文版 - 159頁) (HK$19.90)︰
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
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definition英文 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的最佳貼文
Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
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Economics 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o8H4_PAK1oLM_vhUpd0Xk9
分類的 Playlist 可看:
A. Basic Economics Concepts 基本經濟概念 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qqV5XGkWjbTy23XwkqNE0I
B. Firms & Production 廠商與生產 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qrlkuI1wdJUa3UZs0txvjN
C. Market & Price 市場與價格 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oOWHDRwYI8hvuUhNp9qcQk
D. Competition & Market structure 競爭與市場結構 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q982crii7XomNNjIx-f8rd
E. Efficiency, Equity & the role of government 效率、公平和政府的角色 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8onmTnt7Dghh4pVud9e3PPU
F. Measurement of Economic Performance 經濟表現的量度 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIHKIc6pUHUIfTXc3Cmjv3
G. National Income Determination & Price Level 國民收入決定及價格水平 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pkBABdTOtjs_8aPoTdUf61
H. Money & Banking 貨幣與銀行 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oFN6Fe_5aEk0mnJpfBe0S1
I. Macroeconomic Problems & Policies 宏觀經濟問題和政策 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8onndGtdUUvNQpcmax7a1VX
J. International trade & finance 國際貿易和金融 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8poqrVsbrWDq5V2-ZsNAwBi
E1. Elective I : Monopoly Pricing, Anti-competitive Behaviours and Competition Policy 壟斷定價、反競爭行為及競爭政策 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r5Fz1mXcELz7CQ79Omr6nb
E2. Elective II: Extension of Trade Theory, Economic Growth and Development 貿易理論之延伸、經濟增長及發展 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pesBkw164n1FW0G_UwoiT0
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pTsr5jwcpqD4fcPTQZetR8
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ohGrOAWAsVQK3PFBqrXf2V
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pFSFPWu1LJvURZujQzVJvD
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8odYV54ZMTkj2m7BWvMU9pB
電子書 (中英對照版 - 230頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ax3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-ax3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
電子書 (純英文版 - 159頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Xh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-Xh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_atb&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_atb
電子書 (純中文版 - 159頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Yh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-Yh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
_______________________________________________
HKDSE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rq7kTVAuDerVqrfT6WstsV
HKCEE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oVtFNEdJIya9ANc1X5nhTw
HKALE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pXFnsqOlPtL3DtsDsb7w4l
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Please subscribe 請訂閱 :
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
http://goo.gl/forms/NgqVAfMVB9
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Blogger : https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
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definition英文 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的精選貼文
Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Economics 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o8H4_PAK1oLM_vhUpd0Xk9
分類的 Playlist 可看:
A. Basic Economics Concepts 基本經濟概念 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qqV5XGkWjbTy23XwkqNE0I
B. Firms & Production 廠商與生產 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qrlkuI1wdJUa3UZs0txvjN
C. Market & Price 市場與價格 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oOWHDRwYI8hvuUhNp9qcQk
D. Competition & Market structure 競爭與市場結構 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q982crii7XomNNjIx-f8rd
E. Efficiency, Equity & the role of government 效率、公平和政府的角色 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8onmTnt7Dghh4pVud9e3PPU
F. Measurement of Economic Performance 經濟表現的量度 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIHKIc6pUHUIfTXc3Cmjv3
G. National Income Determination & Price Level 國民收入決定及價格水平 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pkBABdTOtjs_8aPoTdUf61
H. Money & Banking 貨幣與銀行 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oFN6Fe_5aEk0mnJpfBe0S1
I. Macroeconomic Problems & Policies 宏觀經濟問題和政策 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8onndGtdUUvNQpcmax7a1VX
J. International trade & finance 國際貿易和金融 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8poqrVsbrWDq5V2-ZsNAwBi
E1. Elective I : Monopoly Pricing, Anti-competitive Behaviours and Competition Policy 壟斷定價、反競爭行為及競爭政策 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r5Fz1mXcELz7CQ79Omr6nb
E2. Elective II: Extension of Trade Theory, Economic Growth and Development 貿易理論之延伸、經濟增長及發展 … https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pesBkw164n1FW0G_UwoiT0
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pTsr5jwcpqD4fcPTQZetR8
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ohGrOAWAsVQK3PFBqrXf2V
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pFSFPWu1LJvURZujQzVJvD
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8odYV54ZMTkj2m7BWvMU9pB
電子書 (中英對照版 - 230頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ax3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-ax3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
電子書 (純英文版 - 159頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Xh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-Xh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_atb&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_atb
電子書 (純中文版 - 159頁) (HK$19.90)︰
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=Yh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdid=book-Yh3kDwAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
_______________________________________________
HKDSE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rq7kTVAuDerVqrfT6WstsV
HKCEE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oVtFNEdJIya9ANc1X5nhTw
HKALE Econ Past Paper Solution : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pXFnsqOlPtL3DtsDsb7w4l
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Please subscribe 請訂閱 :
https://www.youtube.com/hermanyeung?sub_confirmation=1
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
http://goo.gl/forms/NgqVAfMVB9
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Blogger : https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
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definition英文 在 Definition ka kya matlab hota hai | daily use English words 的必吃
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