關於 chinese culture in london ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

💡 6 pieces of Handwritten Chinese Couplet by Writelikedance
💡Size: 11.5cm x 40cm each, 6 pieces each order
💡Product Type: Original
💡Paper Type: Red Chinese rice paper with splash ink in golden colour
💡Occasions: Perfect as home, bedroom or office decor for Chinese New Year of Ox

💖 老少平安 － Peaceful for both young and old
💖 五福臨門 － Five blessings in a row
💖 牛年快樂 － Joy in the year of ox
💖 身體健康 － Good health
💖 一帆風順 － Plain sailing
💖 恭賀新禧 － Happy Chinese new year

🚨 Custom made Chinese Couplet is available, please type what you want to write in the Personalisation field

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Thomas Lam, aka Writelikedance (字舞), has dedicated his career in Chinese calligraphy for more than 15 years. He would like to introduce this traditional Chinese culture in a modern and stylish way. He is not only focusing in writing Chinese calligraphy, but also launched calligraphy class and collaborate with tattoo artists for tattoo-design with Chinese paint brush element.

Instagram: @writelikedance

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🔸FREE shipping within UK; International shipping is available upon request;
🔸All products are unframed, it only come with the Chinese calligraphy on the Chinese rice paper.
🔸Due to size of the Chinese Couplet, it might be folded while shipping, but It will be sent by post in bubble padded envelop and card paper. Please unfold and put some heavy book on top for a while to flatten them.

https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/941618237 @ London, United Kingdom

[時事英文] What is 「晶晶體」?

看到各位老師都在網路上對「晶晶體」發表意見，我也來湊一腳好了。

在社會語言學（sociolinguistics）中，「語碼轉換」（code switching）──包含雙語及多語的轉換──有許多不同的定義，學者們對語碼轉換也有不同的理解。

首先，讓我們來釐清一些詞彙的定義：

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１、語碼轉換（code switching）係指於對話的語句中，使用一種以上的語言進行交替，一些學者也稱為句間轉換（inter-sentential switching）。例如：你為什麼要用「雞」這個字？What were you thinking？

２、語碼混用（code mixing）係指語句內的語言轉換（intra-sentential switching）。例如：Actually，寫這篇文章可能不是好的idea，可能會被haters罵。

語碼轉換可視為一種社會現象，亦可根據社會文化的脈絡（sociocultural contexts）將語碼轉換分為兩種：

ａ．情境語碼轉換（situational code-switching）
「情境語碼轉換」係指情境的轉變所引起的語碼轉換──「說話者需要改變自己的語言，以適應不同的情境。」例如，我在與朋友討論政治新聞時，可能會用正式的中文；但聊一般的生活議題時，則使用臺語。

ｂ．隱喻語碼轉換 （metaphorical code-switching）
「隱喻語碼轉換」係指在情境不變的情況下，說話者為了改變語氣或雙方的關係而轉換語碼，以表達某種特定的意圖。此舉打破了情境與語言選擇的關係，因此交際的對象就需要花費更多心力來揣測語碼轉換的用意。例如，我以親切的臺語叫孩子來吃飯，他們卻不予理會；但當我使用較正式的中文時，則可增強語氣並賦予語言更多的力量。

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３、語域（register）係指於不同場合或領域中所使用的特定語言風格。好比新聞用語、辦公用語、課堂用語、廣告用語或日常談話。例如，我在非正式的場合中可能會用「爸爸」(dad) 而不是「父親」(father)。

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４、外來語，又稱外來詞或借詞（loanword），意即從別的語言借來的辭彙。例如，披薩（pizza）、冰淇淋（ice cream）、吐司（toast）、與三明治（sandwich）（不好意思肚子有一點餓，還沒吃晚餐）都是外來語。

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５、洋涇浜語 (pidgin) 又稱「混雜語言」，是一種簡化的自然語言。由缺乏共同語言的群體所發展而成，其地位低於一般語言。例如，洋涇浜英語（Chinese Pidgin English）是１９世紀中外商人所使用的混雜語言。僅有口頭形式，而無統一的書面用語，其變體亦相當繁複（long time no see、no can do、look see）。

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６、克里奧爾語 (creole) 是一種穩定的自然語言，由洋涇浜語發展而成。其特徵為混合各種語言的詞彙，有時也會摻雜其它語言的文法，故亦稱作混成語或混合語。例如，港式英語的「yum cha」（飲茶），以及星式英語（Singlish）中「wah」（吃驚）與「shiok」（酷）等詞彙。

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７、跨語言實踐 (translanguaging) 是由多元識讀與多模態的概念衍生而來，旨在強調語言實踐中的變動性。由於當代語言的使用，習慣混雜各種不同的語言，並結合多元媒介來建構意義以進行溝通，因此「跨語言實踐」常使用在語言教學。

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語碼轉換不僅是一種語言現象，也是一種社會現象，乃因社會對人們的言行產生約束力──「語言行為策略及語言形式的選擇，常取決於說話者與聆聽者的社會地位」。沒有任何一種論述，能夠全面地解釋「語碼轉換」此一社會語言學現象。但通過不同學者的研究，我們得以對該現象有更深入的瞭解。

我個人認為，李晶晶的「晶晶體」乃出於習慣，亦能藉此拉近其與觀眾之間的距離。而韓市長於美國商會的演說，是否屬於「code switching」的範疇？就讓同學們自行下結論了，因為我想－－keep living。

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參考資料：
Auer, P. (Ed.). (2013). Code-switching in conversation: Language, interaction and identity. Routledge.

周振鶴. (2013). 中國洋涇浜英語的形成. 復旦學報:社會科學版,55(5), 1-18.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (London and New York, Routledge).

許朝陽。 （1999年）。語碼轉換的社會功能與心理。外國語文，（2），57-60。

何萬順. (2009). 語言與族群認同: 從台灣外省族群的母語與台灣華語談起. 語言暨語言學, 10(2), 375-419.

Joshi, A. K. (1982, July). Processing of sentences with intra-sentential code-switching. In Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computational linguistics-Volume 1 (pp. 145-150). Academia Praha.

Ke, I. C., & Lin, S. (2017). A translanguaging approach to TESOL in Taiwan. English Teaching & Learning, 41(1), 33-61.

Muysken, P., & Muysken, P. C. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge University Press.

Tan, L. K. (2003). 台灣雙語併用者的語言使用與語言功能的分化. In 中國社會語言學國際學術研討會.

Photo: Google.com

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關於Singlish的相關報導lah: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160919-the-language-the-government-tried-to-suppress

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More at 阿滴英文

「黑夜逐漸退去，萬物在日夜之間顯得特別寧靜。那是一種堅不可摧與相異的交點，所有顏色生動而綻放。」
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那是一天中最曖昧的時刻。
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這畫、這話，吸走我的目光。

克里斯・蘇科（1979 -）成長時期深受英國與美國文化薰陶，爾後投身音樂創作與巡迴表演。他於2009年獲格奧爾格·赫羅爾德（Georg Herold）頒發德國杜塞道夫藝術學院榮譽學位，於2012年畢業於英國皇家藝術學院。除了藝術創作以外，同時身兼詩人與音樂家，且至今創作不懈。蘇科於世界各地皆有展出，而其作品也受諸多公共與私人館藏青睞典藏。2015年，蘇科與保羅·沃瑟曼共同撰寫詩集《為了不孤獨死，你所付出的代價》，中文翻譯版本於2018年由白石畫廊出版。克里斯・蘇科目前工作與居住於德國杜塞道夫。

《狂歡畫》系列作品來自於藝術家對清晨陽光的感受與觀察，尤其當他整夜在外，於破曉時分慢慢走回家時所看到的景色，蘇科描述：「黑夜逐漸退去，萬物在日夜之間顯得特別寧靜。那是一種堅不可摧與相異的交點，所有顏色生動而綻放。」 此充滿詩意的系列作品傳達了年輕藝術家在一天中最曖昧時刻蠢蠢欲動的心情。

展名｜克里斯・蘇科 ：作品2012-2017
展期｜2018年11月17日 (六) – 12月30日 (日)
開幕｜2018年11月17日 (六) 4-7 pm *藝術家將出席開幕
地點｜白石畫廊 · 台北 內湖空間 〈台北市內湖區基湖路1號1樓〉

Chris Succo (*1979) lives and works in Düsseldorf, Germany. He attended the attended the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he was awarded Meisterschüler by Prof. Georg Herold and the Royal College of Art, London, graduating from the latter in 2012. Major influences for the German-born artist are his early experiences of British and American culture through his family ties in the respective countries, his involvement in the music recording and touring industry in his formative years and his continuing work as writer and musician. Succo has exhibited internationally, and his work is featured in many public and private collections, he also sourced many of his artwork titles from the poetry book ‘The Price You Pay For Not Being Alone With Your Dying’ which he co-authored with his writer-friend Paul Wasserman in 2015; the Chinese translation version is published in 2018 by Whitestone Gallery.

Binge Paintings are from the artist’s observation of morning light, especially when walking back home in the early morning from a late night out in the summer time. Succo describes it “just as the night breaks, things seem to be in-between and calm. They are about this feeling of invincibility and different, more vibrant reception of colour.” This poetic series delivers the artist’s young and unsettling feelings from the most vulnerable and mysterious time of a day.

Title｜Chris Succo: Works 2012 – 2017
Date｜17th November - 30th December, 2018
Opening｜17th November, 2018 4-7 pm *Artist will be present
Venue｜Whitestone Gallery Taipei Neihu : 1/F, No.1, Jihu Road, Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan

圖說 Caption
1. 洛杉磯 7AM L.A. 7AM / 2015 / 油彩於麻布 oil on linen / 233 x 175.5 cm
2. 克里斯・蘇科 Chris Succo Portrait

倫敦與香港，距離九千多公里。
「唐人街」對海外華人來說 不僅是醫飽東方胃的好地方，
更是一個情意結。
這裡承載的，是或許遺失掉的東方文化，
還有無數人對遠東的一份寄託和思念。

人在海外，只好到唐人街買個月餅一解鄉愁。
這個中秋對香港人來說，注定不平凡。
但無論怎樣也好 於這個多事之秋，
希望大家也能平平安安，一圓月圓之圓。
最後祝大家 中秋節快樂！

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One of China's exports is organised crime, this time in the form of Beggar Gangs and they're already amongst you....

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Discount code: STAYAWESOME

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This particular episode of #pageflip would be the last in the series, as I've simply ran out of "PLAYGROUND" magazine to feature! Hope you folks enjoyed them? Thank you for watching and LIKING, folks!

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WHAT-IS: Back in the early 2000s, "Playground" was a supplement to MiLK magazine in Hong Kong, whereby the contents were primarily of the toy-scene in HK! And even my command of the Chinese language was horrible, I collected these issue religiously! All I needed to know (then) was “How Much”? “How Many?” and “When”, and of course by designed-by/made-by “WHO”!

Here is a page-flip video of one such (random) issue. (All rights of images retained by original publication). See more #throwbackthursday #pageflip videos & blogposts #onTOYSREVIL: http://bit.ly/2meXw2R

Click Here: http://bit.ly/2sKkrIR to view even MORE custom-works by Jan Calleja #onTOYSREVIL!

(Track used: "Future Proof" by South London HiFi)

This entire video was filmed/recorded on a iPhone6.

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