“不患寡而患不均” -- 論語,季氏
2014年讀了Thomas Piketty (托瑪.皮凱提) 的大作 “二十一世紀的資本論” (Capital in the twenty first century) 覺得似乎說明了很多現在奇怪的現象。這世界一方面看到許多的不足,同時又看到無比的浪費。一方面說是 “一分耕耘一分收穫”,卻又看到一些殷勤的人永無翻身機會,有些人怎麼花錢都還是看見資產不斷增加。過去雖然知道資本主義不完美,卻也是目前最好的了。但在世界越加豐盛卻也越來越不平均的現在,我真的會想要了解還有什麼可能,現在我們認識的資本主義,是否可能進化或是改革成為一個更好的版本?
作者在今年二月出了一本新書 “Capital and Ideology" (我就暫時翻為 “資本與意識形態”),從歷史,政治,和眾人意識形態來探討這個問題。當時我就手刀立刻買了台灣最早的一批。面對這1000+多頁的書,除了心理準備,我也先讀了這本比較短的 “ The Economics of Inequality" (貧富不均的經濟學)。這本薄薄的書,比較像是他基本的理論基礎,主要在討論,資本和人力分配間的不平均 (資本家與一般勞工之間),以及勞動收入間的不平均 (前 10% 與最後 10%收入的差異)。當中討論到許多面向,政府用什麼樣的稅收名義才能鼓勵資本家投入但不透過減少僱用人而變相傷害勞工?工會介入和政府提高基本工資是好的手段嗎?調高富者所得稅,還是用政府力量介入關鍵人力投資的平均分配 (如免費的國民義務教育,以及全民健康保險)。
面對1000+多頁的這一本,我想要回答自己這三個問題:
1. 大部分人都有公平正義的概念,為什麼社會還是有許多無法反應這個想法的制度?
2. 就算我們有好的重新分配機制,針對資本與勞力見,或是勞工之間。但如果把AI (人工智慧)加入考量,會有什麼樣的變化?畢竟電腦的邊際成本趨近零,也不用吃飯不會喊累。
3. 貧富不均是大家的問題,不該是人際或國際之間的零和遊戲,有什麼樣的可能突破現行資本主義來改善這個問題?
不曉得看完是否能回答我這些問題,請大家祝我好運囉!Wish me luck while I dive in 😆
全文與作者中文字幕TED talk鏈結在部落格中👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/the-economics-of-inequality-貧富不均的經濟學/
***延伸閱讀***
1. 作者之前的大作 (抱歉當時還沒有太認真寫心得):
https://dushuyizhi.net/capital-廿一世紀資本論/
2. 關於價值的認定,一名英國經濟學家很棒的分享:
https://dushuyizhi.net/the-value-of-everything-萬物的價值/
#二十一世紀資本論
#CapitalandIdeology
#ThomasPiketty
#EconomicofInequality
#貧富不均
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過80萬的網紅果籽,也在其Youtube影片中提到,法國經濟家Thomas Piketty的《21世紀資本論》(Capital in the Twenty-First Century)在2013年面世後好評如潮。諾貝爾經濟學獎得主Paul Krugman推崇此書是近十年最重要的經濟學著作。這本批判歐美資本主義的作品在內地出版後也大行其道,暢銷全國,由...
「capital in the twenty-first century」的推薦目錄:
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 讀書e誌 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 綠角財經筆記 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 Oak Panthongtae Shinawatra Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 果籽 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 果籽 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 #ミニマリストライフ Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 Capital in the Twenty-First Century - YouTube 的評價
- 關於capital in the twenty-first century 在 Capital in the Twenty-First Century – Official U.S. Trailer 的評價
capital in the twenty-first century 在 綠角財經筆記 Facebook 的最佳貼文
這裡作者寫了一句很有意思的話,累積外國資產的目的,就是為了能支應貿易逆差。
“There would be no interest in running trade surplus forever.”
永遠保持貿易順差是沒有利益的。
疑,永遠保持貿易順差不就是台灣的經濟大方針嗎?
長久下來,大家都被教育成,有順差,就是有賺錢。逆差,那是揮霍的美國人才會做的事。
一直保持貿易順差,代表台灣一直賺外國(譬如美國)的錢。我們到底累積了什麼?
我們不是累積美鈔,我們是累積美國的資產。(註)
我們太熱衷於累積資產,卻似乎不太想享受資產所帶來的消費力。這種行為模式不僅見於全國等級,它其實反應出大多數國民的行為模式。
很多人似乎相當熱衷於不斷的工作、儲蓄、累積資產,在消費方面則非常節約。
這是個人的選擇。
可是這真的是個人有意識,評估過後所做出的自由選擇?還是為了符合社會期待,半強迫下的選擇呢?
我們太常用一個人累積了多少財富來評量他的成就,而不是看他的人生到底也沒有過得快樂,精采。
我們似乎都太熱衷於累積財富,把財富當成目標,當成指引,卻忘記財富應是人生的工具,一個讓你活得更愜意,更輕鬆的助力。
書中說到,累積資產的好處就在於你可以不必工作,卻還能持續的消費。
我們為財富而勞碌,卻不太敢請財富為我們工作。
我們自稱是財富的主人,其實財富才是我們的主人。
capital in the twenty-first century 在 Oak Panthongtae Shinawatra Facebook 的最佳貼文
ลองเข้าไปติดตามภาคภาษาอังกฤษได้ที่นี่นะครับ
Thaksin Shinawatra in Private Discussion
World Policy Institute Global Leader Briefing Series Thinking Points
World Policy Institute, 9th March 2016, New York
———————————————————
Excellencies, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I must thank you World Policy Institute for providing me an opportunity to share my thought on the challenges that revolve around the economic, regional and global implications of how Thailand will make its way through a period of transition and change.
We all know that no society in the twenty-first century can sustain any form of “progress” in the well-being of its people without at least two basic foundations:
The first one is political stability. The second one is the ability to create economic activities that allow growth and readiness to shift its creativities to sustain wealth.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Let me tell you the tale of the two cities, which is not written by Charles Dickens. It is the tale of parallel progress of Washington D.C. and Beijing. Each has its own history, pain and loathing. As the years go by, the two cities have been seen as rivals which offers competing models for growth and prosperity.
One is Free Market-Capitalism with the so-called “Open Democracy” as the foundation of its economic model. The other one is State-Led Capitalism with the central control system by one party.
Both of the models have proven to be successful in a very dramatic way from the past to the present. Admitting that the Chinese model was fitting to the change of attitude among the leadership of the country at that time, in parallel with the change of economic model in the West, in which the definition of “free trade” benefits China’s shifting position from a close market to a semi-open market.
But we must admit also that both models are now having to adjust itself to the new reality; the reality of dramatic change in speed and character of technology for industrial production; the change from “a country-based product” to “network of global design, global sourcing,and global production for just one product”. This extraordinary change upends the “normal” internal economic adjustment of the country and made it very difficult to find a simple economic adjustment.
We must recognize that advancement in the wealth management technique and technology also upend the normal linkage between capital and changes in production. However, we probably agree, that one common threat for survival in this present so-called “New Normal” is either you have the ability and willingness to change or you don’t. Thailand, like the other countries, cannot get away from this New Normal in the international context.
Ladies and Gentleman,
There is a tale of a poor English teacher in China who soared to the list of the world’s wealthiest people. He neither built a big factory nor invested in any production facility. But, people paid for his service simply to reach the network of supply and demand on a grand scale. I believe, he must feel thank you to the internet.
Ladies and Gentleman,
Amid the global economic slowdown, the pattern of trade has significantly changed. Due to the development of information technology infrastructure and increasing number of population who is able to access to the internet, e-commerce has become a new engine that sustains growth for both developed and developing economies. According to UNCTAD’s report last year, the value of global business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce in 2013 exceeded $15 trillion USD. While global business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce still accounted for an estimated $1.2 trillion USD, this segment has grown at a rapid pace; especially in the Asia and Oceania region where B2C segment is expected to surge from 20 to 37 percent between 2013 to 2018. Due to the incremental growth of cross-border e-commerce trade, international postal deliveries of small packets and parcels have risen by 48 percent between 2011 to 2014 globally.
For both Asia and the West, I believe these numbers provide us with clues for the new growth opportunities where “access to networks” is the key: meaning, the networks of consumers and factors of production across geographical boundaries. Unlike the economy of twentieth century when “access to centers” is the rules of the game, today, businessmen who do not have big factories and are not the owners of multinational corporations, can manage to reach and satisfy the needs of their customers worldwide through networks of production and distribution with an assist of the new communication technology. Today’s economy is increasingly decentralized. Consumption and production are more and more dispersed. We could imagine that an American producers can sell their products online directly to consumers in the western part of China without having to spend business hours in Beijing or Shanghai. Vice versa, a Chinese producer can bypass New York to offer their products to customers in New England and Mid-Atlantic states. The network economy has provided the people, both in small and large businesses, with the ability to produce and access to consumers at lower costs. We, as a global community, must put special emphasis on how each country can invest and share risk with the people to create growth collectively.
Ladies and Gentleman,
Another tale is about the rebirth of a road that nobody cares since the Portuguese discovered a possible sea route from Europe to Asia. The Portuguese did offer an alternative trade route with substantial margins for the goods carried. Although you might lose half of the cargoes on the way, you still did not lose your shirt. Since the demand for spices were overwhelming, the merchant marines heavily charge everybody.
Ladies and Gentleman,
The heavy-load transport through the sea has been with us till now, and the land routes from Asia to Europe have been neglected. If the world’s economy is thriving like the good old days, probably, not so many people would be interested in finding an alternative in life. But, since the situation goes awry, I believe, any country should consider all possibilities.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Today, there are two major initiatives that, I think, have great potential to accelerate growth and leverage “quality of growth” that brought into being by the emergence of network economy. One is the China-led “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) plan to develop transport and logistics connectivity encompassed some 60 countries, which include about 50 percent of the world’s GDP. And, the other is the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) between 12 Pacific Rim countries, which account for more than 40 percent of the world’s GDP. I have not seen these two initiatives as antagonistic, but rather a kind of two parallel processes that, at a certain point, will create mutual economic benefits for Asia and the West.
We must overcome the stereotype that perceive China and the US as merely the two opposing political superpowers. In reality, the economic development during the past decade has shown us how far these two major economies are interdependent. China is the largest foreign holder of US government securities with $1.24 trillion USD worth. With the total trade volume of $521 billion USD in 2014, the US is China’s biggest trade partner. Total US foreign direct investment (FDI) in China stood at $65.77 billion USD at the end of 2014, while the Chinese FDI in the US is estimated to have reach $11.9 billion USD.
Given this interdependence in mind, I believe Southeast Asia- the region that sits in between the two great initiatives of the two major economies- must put special emphasis on how to enhance the mutual economic benefits with its counterparts. For Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century, the geopolitics should be about how to reinforce the networks of wealth creation for the people that stretch across national and regional borders.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Let me tell you the last tale about a Thai restaurant. No matter how many times the master chef tries to teach his protege, the young man keeps making mistakes in mixing the ingredients. Customers are kept waiting, hungry and mad. Once the customers are served, half of them get diarrhea afterward. The moral of this tale is one must make the written recipe right.
Ladies and gentlemen,
While some people may underline the unique characteristics of Thailand in terms of its history and developmental path, the country itself cannot avoid to come to terms with the global challenges of the twenty-first century. For half a century, the Thai economy has incrementally integrated into global economy. Values of Thailand’s exports per GDP and FDI in the country have shown us clearly how far the growth of Thai economy has been interwoven with the fate of global economy.
Against this context, we shall consider Thailand’s draft constitution with a very simple question: will the latest draft constitution “enable” the country to grow and become stronger in the present world? Or, will the latest draft constitution provide Thailand with a sufficient institutional infrastructure for investment, production, cooperation, and businesses?
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Due to the framework set out by the latest draft constitution, it is difficult to foresee a government that is responsive to the people and the challenges of the twenty-first century. According to the new draft, the 200-seat upper house, or Senate, will be appointed by the so-called “experts”. The Senate will also have greater powers to block legislation. Regarding the Constitutional Court, its scope of jurisdiction will be expanded. The Court will have the power to examine cases based on petitions filed directly by individuals, without the requirement that an actual dispute being brought by political organs or other courts.
If we consider the doctrine of separation of powers as the foundation for growth and stability, the critical issue that we shall examine is whether the judicial power will trespass the provinces of legislature/ and executive or not? For a government to be able to manage the economy against the global slowdown, I do hope that there will be no over-enforcement of the judicial power. Experiences of several countries show us that, if unchecked, judicial review can be inappropriately used as “delaying tactic”; thus, in turn, become an impediment to economic policy implementation.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I believe that the foundation for the country to create growth and prosperity is to build trust in the global community. The constitution shall protect the rule of law and provide at least a minimum level of freedom of speech that facilitates economic cooperation between the people and the global community. Trade and investment cannot flourish if there is no certain degree of confidence provided by the rule of law. Against the transition and change, Thailand must reevaluate its strength and weakness. The country shall find a sensible way to regain its political stability and economic dynamism. I have only proposed the way of how should we think of the phenomena that is the world today.
capital in the twenty-first century 在 果籽 Youtube 的最讚貼文
法國經濟家Thomas Piketty的《21世紀資本論》(Capital in the Twenty-First Century)在2013年面世後好評如潮。諾貝爾經濟學獎得主Paul Krugman推崇此書是近十年最重要的經濟學著作。這本批判歐美資本主義的作品在內地出版後也大行其道,暢銷全國,由官方到知識界均奉為馬克思再生。Piketty分析資本主義國家貧富差距擴大,致富靠資本報酬好過靠打工儲錢,這道理香港人最明白,炒股炒樓好過打工,上車才是王道。這本「唱衰」資本主義的巨著,也引起好學的習主席注意,在2016年內部工作會議時提及此書。
影片:
【我是南丫島人】23歲仔獲cafe免費借位擺一人咖啡檔 $6,000租住350呎村屋:愛這裏互助關係 (果籽 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/XSugNPyaXFQ)
【香港蠔 足本版】流浮山白蠔收成要等三年半 天然生曬肥美金蠔日產僅50斤 即撈即食中環名人坊蜜餞金蠔 西貢六福酥炸生蠔 (果籽 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/Fw653R1aQ6s)
【這夜給惡人基一封信】大佬茅躉華日夜思念 回憶從8歲開始:兄弟有今生沒來世 (壹週刊 Next) (https://youtu.be/t06qjQbRIpY)
【太子餃子店】新移民唔怕蝕底自薦包餃子 粗重功夫一腳踢 老闆刮目相看邀開店:呢個女人唔係女人(飲食男女 Apple Daily) https://youtu.be/7CUTg7LXQ4M)
【娛樂人物】情願市民留家唔好出街聚餐 鄧一君兩麵舖執笠蝕200萬 (蘋果日報 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/e3agbTOdfoY)
果籽 :http://as.appledaily.com
籽想旅行:http://travelseed.hk
健康蘋台: http://applehealth.com.hk
動物蘋台: http://applepetform.com
#劉細良 #讀書好#城寨 #資本與意識形態 #21世紀資本論
#果籽 #StayHome #WithMe #跟我一樣 #宅在家
capital in the twenty-first century 在 果籽 Youtube 的最佳解答
法國經濟家Thomas Piketty的《21世紀資本論》(Capital in the Twenty-First Century)在2013年面世後好評如潮。諾貝爾經濟學獎得主Paul Krugman推崇此書是近十年最重要的經濟學著作。這本批判歐美資本主義的作品在內地出版後也大行其道,暢銷全國,由官方到知識界均奉為馬克思再生。Piketty分析資本主義國家貧富差距擴大,致富靠資本報酬好過靠打工儲錢,這道理香港人最明白,炒股炒樓好過打工,上車才是王道。這本「唱衰」資本主義的巨著,也引起好學的習主席注意,在2016年內部工作會議時提及此書。
果籽 :http://as.appledaily.com
籽想旅行:http://travelseed.hk
健康蘋台: http://applehealth.com.hk
動物蘋台: http://applepetform.com
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【假如沒有天價租】「福食」三老 唔靠綜援靠自己 (果籽 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/aUE2oQIDoV0)
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【娛樂人物】情願市民留家唔好出街聚餐 鄧一君兩麵舖執笠蝕200萬 (蘋果日報 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/e3agbTOdfoY)
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#果籽 #劉細良 #讀書好 #城寨 #資本與意識形態 #21世紀資本論 #StayHome #WithMe #跟我一樣 #宅在家
capital in the twenty-first century 在 #ミニマリストライフ Youtube 的精選貼文
http://youtube.com/dougakaihou/
My Channel 私のチャンネルです 動画解放軍
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21世紀の資本 Capital in the Twenty-First Century Le Capital au XXIe siecle 21世紀の資本論
材料費1円のジュースを200円で売るのはボッタクリ? これは富という物が悪いと思われているため ピケティ 21世紀の資本
トマ・ピケティーの本 21世紀の資本 を読み始めました。 きっぱりと労働と資本での儲けを分断してわかりやすく解説しています。
分厚い理由は、誰でも読めるように従来の本では省略されていた説明が行われているためです。 また、数式も掛け算、割り算など誰でも理解できる物が利用されているので安心です。
富というとズルい存在であることはいかなる存在も認めています
・タダでクルマを無料で貸す
・店のスペースを友人に無料で貸す
・高価な機械を無料で貸す
などは本来価値のある富(クルマ、月極で借りているスペース、機械)を無料で貸し与えているのは、富を使って儲けることに後ろめたさを感じている所があるからだと思います。
また、特許(パテント)や著作権に有効期限があったり、相続税など社会システムにも富を摩耗させる仕組みが組み込まれています。
これらは富は後ろめたいという部分があるからだと私は考えています。
capital in the twenty-first century 在 Capital in the Twenty-First Century – Official U.S. Trailer 的必吃
Now on Digital, Blu-ray, and DVD: https://bit.ly/3jz27b7Based on the international bestseller by rock-star economist Thomas Piketty (which ... ... <看更多>
capital in the twenty-first century 在 Capital in the Twenty-First Century - YouTube 的必吃
The French economist Thomas Piketty (Paris School of Economics) discussed his new book, Capital in the Twenty - First Century at the Graduate ... ... <看更多>