【藥事知多D】暗瘡藥知多D:維生素A酸
常言道:「你的樣子如何,你的日子也必如何。(Your face, your fate.)」
不論男女,任何人都想做男神、女神。
說真的,綜觀「美、髯、長、大、壯、麗、勇、敢(《莊子.列御寇》)」這八極,誰不想「八者俱過人也(《莊子.列御寇》)」?
《孟子》在〈告子上〉裡說:
不知子都之姣者,無目者也。
看!連孟子這種古聖賢都直言「要是見過子都還敢說他不是靚仔,這個人一定是瞎子。」
可是就算是俊男美女,最後還是可能敵不過一粒小小的暗瘡。
連藥罐子在內,暗瘡真的可以說是所有人的公敵。
那怕只有一粒小小的暗瘡,難免會讓人覺得份外礙眼。
對,旁人或許不以為然,不過在當事人眼裡,一粒老鼠屎固然可以壞了一鍋粥;一粒暗瘡痘同樣可以毀了一張臉。
至於說到暗瘡藥,藥罐子相信各位看倌可能會聽過維生素A酸(Retinoic Acid)(俗稱「A酸」)這種藥。
至於常用的外用A酸主要是Tretinoin、Adapalene、Tazarotene。
一、Tretinoin
在藥理上,Tretinoin擁有溶解粉刺(Comedolytic)的技能,既能清除粉刺(Comedones),又能抑制粉刺的產生。[1]
值得一提,用藥初期,患處看來可能會出現惡化的現象,不過請放心,這是正常現象,一般待到大約8至12個星期內,便可能會開始慢慢漸入佳境,逐漸改善暗瘡的症狀。[1]
常見副作用主要是皮膚刺激、紅斑(Erythema)、脫皮(Peeling),在罕有的情況下,還可能會出現過敏性接觸性皮膚炎(Allergic Contact Dermatitis)。
二、Adapalene
Adapalene是一種第三代A酸[2],在相當程度上,其實是A酸的冒牌貨,較能跟表皮(Epidermis)上的維生素A酸受體(Retinoic Acid Receptors, RARs)結合,主要是RAR-β、RAR-γ這兩個受體[3][4],同時擁有溶解粉刺、角質層分離(Keratolytic)、消炎的技能。[4][5][6]
三、Tazarotene
Tazarotene同是一種第三代A酸,而且還是一種前藥(Prodrug),塗抹後便會進化成為Tazarotenic Acid,同樣擁有溶解粉刺、角質層分離、消炎的技能。
常見副作用主要是紅斑、搔癢感(Pruritus)、刺痛感、灼熱感。[7]
(如欲了解更多用藥資訊,歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。)
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Reference:
1. Arndt KA, Bowers KE. Acne. In: Manual of Dermatologic Therapeutics, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002:3-20.
2. Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne, a report from a Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:S1-S37.
3. Brogden RN, Goa KE. Adapalene: A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in the management of mild to moderate acne. Drugs. 1997;53:511-519.
4. Thiboutot DM. Acne: An overview of clinical research findings. Dermatol Clin. 1997;15:97-109.
5. Leyden JJ. A review of the use of combination therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:S200-S210.
6. Millikan LE. Adapalene: an update on newer comparative studies between the various retinoids. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39:784-788.
7. Mallon E, Newton JN, Klassen A, et al. The quality of life in acne: a comparison with general medical conditions using generic questionnaires. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:672-676.
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研究表明,它可以幫助減少關節疼痛,增加關節軟骨的密度,增強韌性。不僅如此 - 如果您不小心受傷了,膠原蛋白是您身體的主要蛋白質,從撕裂的跟腱到粉刺或發炎都需要它。
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