【DSE特輯】腸胃激綜合症:便秘?腹瀉?還是……?
*DSE考生加油!*
〈點解臨考試先黎肚痛?〉
好!開始前,不知道各位看倌有沒有聽過這些故事:
每逢考試,尤其是公開試,總有一些考生剛剛前腳踏進考場,開考後後腳便會突然按著肚子、嚷著肚痛,然後衝向洗手間……
出貓……?
嗱!基於「疑點利益歸於被告」,無憑無據,自然不能憑空污人清白。
好!說回正題:
假設不是出貓,各位看倌便可能會感到好奇怪:
「一個人無端端為什麼會這樣呢?」
哦,其實這有可能是腸胃激綜合症(Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS)。
所謂「腸胃激綜合症」,簡單說,是腸功能紊亂所產生的一連串症狀,主要是便秘、腹瀉(兩者同時可能交替出現)、腹痛、腹脹。
雖然暫時還是不太清楚成因,不過一些心理因素往往可能會加劇腸胃激綜合症的症狀,例如壓力、焦慮、抑鬱。
所以治身重要,治心更加重要。在相當程度上,一種藥有沒有效往往取決於安慰劑效應(Placebo Effect)。[1]
所謂「安慰劑效應」,直接一點說,便是「心理作用」。
因為暫時還是不太清楚成因,所以用藥一般主要是「頭痛醫頭,腳痛醫腳」KO相關症狀,例如便秘、腹瀉、腹痛、腹脹,希望能夠減少腸胃激綜合症所帶來的不便。
就算一時三刻治不了本,總要治標吧?
至於常用藥一般主要有以下三類:
一、解痙劑(Antispasmodic),例如Alverine、Hyoscine Butylbromide、Mebeverine
第一,Alverine是一種非抗毒蕈解痙劑(Non-antimuscarinic Antispasmodics),能夠直接放鬆腸道的平滑肌(Smooth Muscle)KO肚痛(Abdominal Pain)、腸抽搐(Intestinal Spasm)。
不過在藥效上,一般相信Alverine跟安慰劑沒有明顯差異。[2]
至於副作用一般主要是頭痛、眩暈、痕癢、皮疹(Skin Rash)。
第二,Hyoscine Butylbromide是一種抗毒蕈鹼解痙劑(Antimuscarinic Antispasmodic)。
在化學上,Hyoscine Butylbromide還是一種季銨化合物(Quaternary Ammonium Compound),帶正電荷,能夠增加藥物的親水性,減少藥物的親脂性,所以便會大大減少藥物在腸胃的吸收,從而能夠直接在腸道內放鬆腸道的平滑肌KO肚痛、腸抽搐。
在副作用上,因為Hyoscine Butylbromide擁有較大的親水性,較難穿透血腦障壁(Blood-brain Barrier),較難影響中樞神經系統產生抗膽鹼(Antichlorinergic)的效果,所以副作用一般不大。
不過Hyoscine Butylbromide偶爾還是可能會出現視力模糊、小便困難、嗜睡這些副作用,所以未必適合青光眼人士、前列腺肥大人士、長者服用。
第三,Mebeverine是一種向肌性解痙劑(Musculotropic Antispasmodic),宣稱能夠直接放鬆腸道的平滑肌而不會影響腸道正常的蠕動功能KO肚痛、腸抽搐。
不過在藥效上,一般相信Mebeverine跟安慰劑沒有明顯差異。[3]
在副作用上,跟Alverine一樣,Mebeverine沒有抗膽鹼的效果,所以副作用一般不大。
值得一提,因為這些解痙劑還可能會放鬆連接食道、胃部的食道下端括约肌(Lower Oesophageal Sphincter, LOS),從而未必能夠緊緊關閉胃部的入口而可能會惡化胃液倒流(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, GERD)的症狀。
二、容積性瀉劑(Bulk-forming Laxative),例如卵葉車前果殼(Ispaghula)
卵葉車前果殼蘊含豐富的植物纖維,能夠提供水溶性纖維增加大便的體積,刺激腸道蠕動,促進排便KO便秘。
除此之外,卵葉車前果殼還蘊含黏膠(Mucilloid),能夠吸收腸腔內的水分,然後膨脹,進而形成一層凝膠,讓水狀的大便呈固體狀,從而能夠KO腹瀉。
因為卵葉車前果殼同時能夠KO便秘、腹瀉,所以較適合用於腸胃激綜合症這種「既有便秘,又有腹瀉」的病症。
在用法上,一般建議多喝水,讓卵葉車前果殼能夠吸收足夠的水分,膨脹到足夠的體積,從而達到理想的效果。
值得一提,一般建議水溶性纖維,因為非水溶性纖維,例如麩皮(Bran),反而可能會惡化腸胃激綜合症的症狀。[4]
三、止瀉藥,例如Loperamide
在藥理上,Loperamide是一種抗蠕動劑(Antimotility Agent),顧名思義,主要在減慢腸道蠕動,目的在爭取時間,增加水分、電解質在腸道內的吸收,減少大便的水分,改善腹瀉,較適用於偶爾短暫緩解因為腹瀉所引起的不便。
值得一提,Loperamide只能減少腹瀉的次數,並不能紓緩腸胃激綜合症的其他症狀,例如腹痛、腹脹。
至於Loperamide是一種鴉片類藥物(Opioid),不過擁有很大的首渡效應(First Pass Effect),所謂「首渡效應」,是指口服藥物經過消化道吸收後,首先便會透過肝臟的靜脈,途經肝臟,部分藥物便可能會被肝酵素代謝失活,自然便會減少藥物進入血液循環,從而減少藥量,減少藥效。
所以藥物較少會進入體循環,從而較少會影響中樞神經系統,產生這類鴉片類藥物的副作用,例如成癮性。
這就是說,在正常劑量下,副作用一般不大。
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著作➡️藥事知多D、用藥知多D、藥房事件簿、家居用藥攻略(各大書店有售)
Reference:
1. Fennerty MB. Traditional therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence-based appraisal. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2003;3(Supp2):S18-S24.
2. Mitchell SA, Mee AS, Smith GD, et al. Alverine citrate fails to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1187-1195.
3. Kruis W, Weinzierl M, Schussler P, Holl J. Comparison of the therapeutic effect of wheat bran, mebeverine and placebo in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion. 1986;34:196-201.
4. Alison Blenkinsopp, Paul Paxton, John Blenkinsopp. Symptoms in the Pharmacy: a guide to the management of common illness. Wiley-Blackwell 5th ed. 2006:122-129.
gerd symptoms 在 Jenn’s 沬厤 Life After Cancer #spreadlovecreatehope Facebook 的最佳解答
🙏🏻😷Sorry to friends whom I can’t reply all your text and messages. I’m still struggling a lil bit with the twitch n pain on my stomach. 😔 Felt like gastric though 😖
🤔To those who asked what GERD is..
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus.
🤒How common is GERD?
Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. GERD is mild acid reflux that occurs at least twice a week, or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs at least once a week.
⚠️What cause GERD?
Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal
Being overweight or obese
Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist
Snacking close to bedtime
Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods
Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea
Smoking
Being pregnant
Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications
🦠What are the symptoms?
A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Sensation of a lump in your throat
If you have nighttime acid reflux, you might also experience:
Chronic cough
Laryngitis
New or worsening asthma
Disrupted sleep
☝🏻🥺 BUT..
my recent condition DO NOT have most of the symptoms above. I do not have..
❌ anxiety or panic attack
❌ difficult in swallowing
❌ burning sensation or chest pain
❌ asthma
❌ sudden loss of weight
These are what I’m experiencing now..
✅ lost of appetite
✅ abdominal pain (twitching)
✅ felt like gastric
✅ nausea
✅ diarrhea
✅ insomnia
✅ constipation
✅ lots of gas (burping)
💁🏻♀️After further evaluation and assessment on my body condition, I am quite convinced that these are the side effects I get from my recent INTERMITTENCE FASTING.. 🙃
We've heard so much about the benefits of IF but beware, it is not so perfect as what we thought. The benefits I have gotten during my session were..
✅ loss of weights
✅ loss of food cravings
✅ minimal dependency on food
✅ no hunger within 16-20 hours
✅ energy level and mental sharpness are the same, if not better
But what I didn't expect were...
🆘 irregular bloating and constipation despite fruits/ greens intake
🆘 stomach discomfort that feels like gastric (eventhough I don't feel hungry at all)
🆘 completely unaware of feeling hungry
🆘 my feet do feel colder than usual
🥶So now I'm stuck at this indigestion/ guts/ stomach/ gastric/ GERD problem..
To those who wished to start IF, can I advise you something 🤣
❤️ Check with your doctor or someone who are more experienced in this but be aware of your 16:8 fasting. Set an alarm. ⚠️ Don't repeat my mistake, I didn't realize I should be eating and that subconsciously allow my fasting to continue to sometimes 20 hours, while I continue working in front of my laptop, so that's a big mistake to begin with. Down with digestion problem is a big disappointment to me.. bcs I don't get to enjoy food as much as I used to! Not until I finish my medication 😔 Speedy recovery to myself! 💪🏼
P/S: I’m taking more regular meals in smaller portion to boost back my appetite 🥰
#intermittencefasting #IF #16:8 #gerd #gastric #indigestion #fasting #awareness
gerd symptoms 在 Jenn’s 沬厤 Life After Cancer #spreadlovecreatehope Facebook 的最讚貼文
🙏🏻😷Sorry to friends whom I can’t reply all your text and messages. I’m still struggling a lil bit with the twitch n pain on my stomach. 😔 Felt like gastric though 😖
🤔To those who asked what GERD is..
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus.
🤒How common is GERD?
Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. GERD is mild acid reflux that occurs at least twice a week, or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs at least once a week.
⚠️What cause GERD?
Eating large meals or lying down right after a meal
Being overweight or obese
Eating a heavy meal and lying on your back or bending over at the waist
Snacking close to bedtime
Eating certain foods, such as citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, or spicy or fatty foods
Drinking certain beverages, such as alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, or tea
Smoking
Being pregnant
Taking aspirin, ibuprofen, certain muscle relaxers, or blood pressure medications
🦠What are the symptoms?
A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Sensation of a lump in your throat
If you have nighttime acid reflux, you might also experience:
Chronic cough
Laryngitis
New or worsening asthma
Disrupted sleep
☝🏻🥺 BUT..
my recent condition DO NOT have most of the symptoms above. I do not have..
❌ anxiety or panic attack
❌ difficult in swallowing
❌ burning sensation or chest pain
❌ asthma
❌ sudden loss of weight
These are what I’m experiencing now..
✅ lost of appetite
✅ abdominal pain (twitching)
✅ felt like gastric
✅ nausea
✅ diarrhea
✅ insomnia
✅ constipation
✅ lots of gas (burping)
💁🏻♀️After further evaluation and assessment on my body condition, I am quite convinced that these are the side effects I get from my recent INTERMITTENCE FASTING.. 🙃
We've heard so much about the benefits of IF but beware, it is not so perfect as what we thought. The benefits I have gotten during my session were..
✅ loss of weights
✅ loss of food cravings
✅ minimal dependency on food
✅ no hunger within 16-20 hours
✅ energy level and mental sharpness are the same, if not better
But what I didn't expect were...
🆘 irregular bloating and constipation despite fruits/ greens intake
🆘 stomach discomfort that feels like gastric (eventhough I don't feel hungry at all)
🆘 completely unaware of feeling hungry
🆘 my feet do feel colder than usual
🥶So now I'm stuck at this indigestion/ guts/ stomach/ gastric/ GERD problem..
To those who wished to start IF, can I advise you something 🤣
❤️ Check with your doctor or someone who are more experienced in this but be aware of your 16:8 fasting. Set an alarm. ⚠️ Don't repeat my mistake, I didn't realize I should be eating and that subconsciously allow my fasting to continue to sometimes 20 hours, while I continue working in front of my laptop, so that's a big mistake to begin with. Down with digestion problem is a big disappointment to me.. bcs I don't get to enjoy food as much as I used to! Not until I finish my medication 😔 Speedy recovery to myself! 💪🏼
P/S: I’m taking more regular meals in smaller portion to boost back my appetite 🥰
#intermittencefasting #IF #16:8 #gerd #gastric #indigestion #fasting #awareness
gerd symptoms 在 GERD: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Remedies for Relief 的相關結果
The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn (acid indigestion). It usually feels like a burning chest pain that starts behind your breastbone ... ... <看更多>
gerd symptoms 在 GERD (Acid Reflux): Symptoms, Treatment, Causes and More 的相關結果
The main symptom of GERD is acid reflux. Acid reflux can cause an uncomfortable burning feeling in your chest, which can move up into your neck and throat. This ... ... <看更多>
gerd symptoms 在 GERD (Chronic Acid Reflux): Symptoms, Treatment, & Causes 的相關結果
What are the symptoms of GERD (chronic acid reflux)? · Heartburn. · Regurgitation (food comes back into your mouth from the esophagus). · The ... ... <看更多>