毋忘五大訴求 公民抗命有理
—10‧20九龍遊行陳情書
(案件編號:DCCC 535/2020)
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「毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中」
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胡法官雅文閣下:
2012年,我第一次站在法庭上承認違反「公安惡法」,述說對普選的盼望,批評公安惡法不義,並因公民抗命的緣故,甘心樂意接受刑罰。當年我說,如果小圈子選舉沒有被廢除,惡法沒有消失,我依然會一如故我,公民抗命,並且我相信將會有更多學生和市民加入這個行列。想不到時至今日,普選仍然遙遙無期,我亦再次被帶到法庭接受審判,但只是短短7年,已經有數十萬計的群眾公民抗命,反對暴政。今日,我承認違反「未經批准的政府」所訂立「未經批准的惡法」之下的「未經批准集結」罪,我不打算尋求法庭的憐憫,但請容許我佔用法庭些微時間陳情,讓法庭在判刑前有全面考慮。
暴力之濫觴
在整個反修例運動如火如荼之際,我正承擔另一宗公民抗命案件的刑責。雖然身在獄中,但仍然心繫手足。我在獄中電視機前見證6月9日、6月16日及8月18日三次百萬港人大遊行,幾多熱愛和平的港人冒天雨冒彈雨走上街頭,抗議不義惡法,今日關於10月20日的案件,亦是如此。可能有人會問,政府已在6月暫緩修例,更在9月正式撤回修例,我等仍然繼續示威,豈非無理取鬧?我相信法官閣下肯定聽過「遲來的正義並非正義」(Justice delayed is justice denied)這句格言。當過百萬群眾走上街頭,和平表達不滿的時候,林鄭政府沒有理睬,反而獨行獨斷,粗暴踐踏港人的意願,結果製造出後來連綿不絕的爭拗,甚至你死我活的對抗。經歷眾多衝突痛苦之後,所謂暫緩撤回,已經微不足道,我們只是更加清楚:沒有民主,就連基本人權都不會擁有!
在本案之中,雖然我們都沒有鼓動或作出暴力行為,但根據早前8‧18及10‧1兩宗案件,相信在控方及法庭眼中,案發當日的暴力事件仍然可以算在我們頭上,如此,我有必要問:如果香港有一個公平正義的普及選舉,人民可以在立法會直接否決他們不認可的法律,試問2019年的暴力衝突可以從何而來呢?如果我們眼見的暴力是如此十惡不赦,那麼我們又如何看待百萬人遊行後仍然堅持推行惡法的制度暴力呢?如果我們不能接受人民暴力反抗,那麼我們是否更加不能對更巨大更壓逼的制度暴力沈默不言?真正且經常發生的暴力,是漠視人民訴求的暴力,是踐踏人民意見的暴力,是剝奪人民表達權利的暴力。真正憎恨暴力,痛恨暴力的人,不可能一方面指摘暴力反抗,又容忍制度暴力。如果我需要承擔和平遊行引發出來的暴力事件的刑責,那麼誰應該承擔施政失敗所引發出來的社會騷亂的罪責呢?
社會之病根
對於法庭而言,可能2019年所發生的事情只是一場社會騷亂,務必追究違法者個人責任。然而,治亂治其本源,醫病醫其病根,我雖然公民抗命,刻意違法,控方把我帶上法庭,但我卻不應被理解為一個「犯罪個體」。2019年所發生的事情,並不是我一個人或我們這幾位被告可以促成,社會問題的癥結不是「犯罪份子」本身,而是「犯罪原因」。我明白「治亂世用重典」的道理,但如果「殺雞儆猴」是解決方法,就不會在2016年發生旺角騷亂及2017年上訴庭對示威者施以重刑後,2019年仍然會爆發出更大規模的暴力反抗。
如果不希望社會動亂,就必須正本清源,逐步落實「五大訴求」,從根本上改革,挽回民心。2019年反修例運動,其實只是2014年雨傘運動的延續而已,縱使法庭可能認為兩個運動皆是「一股歪風」所引起,但我必須澄清,兩個運動的核心就是追求民主普選,人民當家作主。在2019年11月24日區議會選舉這個最類近全民普選的選舉中,接近300萬人投票,民主派大勝,奪得17個區議會主導權,這就是整個反修例運動的民意,民意就是反對政府決策,反對制度暴力,反對推行惡法,不容爭辯,不辯自明。我們作為礦場裡的金絲雀,多次提醒政府撤回修法,並從根本上改革制度,而在10月20日的九龍遊行當然是反映民意的平台契機。如今,法庭對我們施加重刑,其實只不過是懲罰民意,將金絲雀困在鳥籠之內,甚至扼殺於鼓掌之中,窒礙表達自由。
堅持之重要
大運動過後的大鎮壓,使我們失去《蘋果日報》,失去教協,失去民陣,不少民主派領袖以及曾為運動付出的手足戰友都囚於獄中,不少曾經熱情投入運動的朋友亦因《國安法》的威脅轉為低調,新聞自由示威自由日漸萎縮,公民社會受到沈重打擊,我亦失去不少摯友,有感傷孤獨的時候,但我仍然相信,2019年香港人的信念,以及所展現人類的光輝持久未變。我不會忘記百萬人民冒雨捱熱抗拒暴政,抵制惡法,展現我們眾志成城;我不會忘記人潮紅海,讓道救護車,展現我們文明精神;我不會忘記年青志士直接行動反對苛政,捨身成仁,展現我們膽色勇氣;我不會忘記銀髮一族走上街頭保護年青人,展現我們彼此關懷;我不會忘記「五大訴求」,不會忘記2019年區議會選舉,展現我們有理有節。
法官閣下,我對於當日的所作所為,不感羞恥,毫無悔意。我能夠在出獄後與群眾同行一路,與戰友同繫一獄,實是莫大榮幸。若法治失去民主基石,將使法庭無奈地接受專制政權所訂立解釋的法律限制,隨時變成政治工具掃除異見,因此爭取民主普選,建設真正法治,追求公平正義,仍然是我的理想。在這條路上,如有必要,我仍然會公民抗命,正如終審法院海外非常任法官賀輔明(Lord Hoffmann)所言,發自良知的公民抗命有悠久及光榮的傳統,歷史將證明我們是正確的。我期望,曾與我一起遊行抗命的手足戰友要堅持信念,在艱難歲月裡毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中。
最後,如9年前一樣,我想借用美國民權領袖馬丁路德金牧師的一番話對我們的反對者說:「我們將以自己忍受苦難的能力,來較量你們製造苦難的能力。我們將用我們靈魂的力量,來抵禦你們物質的暴力。對我們做你們想做的事吧,我們仍然愛你們。我們不能憑良心服從你們不公正的法律,因為拒惡與為善一樣是道德責任。將我們送入監獄吧,我們仍然愛你們。」(We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you.)
願慈愛的主耶穌賜我們平安,與我和我一家同在,與法官閣下同在,與香港人同在。沒有暴徒,只有暴政;五大訴求,缺一不可!願榮耀歸上帝,榮光歸人民!
第五被告
黃浩銘
二零二一年八月十九日
Lest we forget the five demands: civil disobedience is morally justified
- Statement on 10‧20 Kowloon Rally
(Case No.: DCCC 535/2020)
Your Honour Judge Woodcock
In 2012, I stood before the court and admitted to violating the "Public Security Evil Law". I expressed my hope for universal suffrage, criticized the evil law as unjust, and willingly accepted the penalty for civil disobedience. Back then, I said that if the small-circle election had not been abolished and the draconian law had not disappeared, I would still be as determined as I was, and I believe that more students and citizens would join this movement. Today, universal suffrage is still a long way off, and I have been brought before the court again for trial. But in just seven years, hundreds of thousands of people have already risen up in civil disobedience against tyranny. Today, I plead guilty to "unauthorised assembly" under an unapproved evil law enacted by an unauthorised government. I do not intend to seek the court's mercy, but please allow me to take up a little time in court to present my case so that the court can consider all aspects before sentencing me.
The roots of violence
At the time when the whole anti-extradition law movement was in full-swing, I was taking responsibility for another civil disobedience case. Although I was in prison, my heart was still with the people. I witnessed the three million-person rallies on 9 June, 16 June and 18 August on television in prison, when many peace-loving people took to the streets despite the rain and bullets, to protest against unjust laws. Some people may ask, "The Government has already suspended the legislative amendments in June and formally withdrew the bill in September, but we are still demonstrating, are we not being unreasonable?" I am sure your Honour has heard of the adage "Justice delayed is justice denied". When more than a million people took to the streets to express their discontent peacefully, the Lam administration ignored them and instead acted arbitrarily, brutally trampling on the wishes of the people of Hong Kong, resulting in endless arguments and even confrontations. After so many conflicts and painful experiences, the so-called moratorium is no longer meaningful. We only know better: without democracy, we cannot even have basic human rights!
In this case, although we did not instigate or commit acts of violence, I believe that in the eyes of the prosecution and the court, the violence on the day of the incident can still be counted against us, based on the August 18 and October 1 case. And now I must ask - If Hong Kong had a fair and just universal election, and the public could directly veto laws they did not approve of at the Legislative Council, then how could the violent clashes of 2019 have come about? If the violence we see is so heinous, how do we feel about the institutional violence that insists on the imposition of draconian laws even after millions of people have taken to the streets? If we cannot accept violent rebellion, how can we remain silent in the face of even greater and more oppressive institutional violence? The true and frequent violence is the kind of violence that ignores people's demands, that tramples on their opinions, that deprives them of their right to express themselves. People who truly hate violence and abhor it cannot accuse violent resistance on the one hand and tolerate institutional violence on the other. If I have to bear the criminal responsibility for the violence caused by the peaceful demonstration, then who should bear the criminal responsibility for the social unrest caused by failed administration?
The roots of society's problems
From a court's point of view, it may be that what happened in 2019 was just a series of social unrest, and that those who broke the law must be held personally accountable. What happened in 2019 was not something that I alone or the defendants could have made possible, and the crux of the social problem was not the 'criminals' but the 'causes of crime'. I understand the concept of " applying severe punishment to a troubled world", but if "decimation" was really the solution, there would not have been more violent rebellions in 2019 after the Mongkok "riot" in 2016 and the heavy sentences handed down to protesters by the Court of Appeal in 2017.
If we do not want social unrest, we must get to the root of the problem and implement the "five demands" step by step, so as to achieve fundamental reforms and win back the hearts of the people. 2019's anti-revision movement is indeed a continuation of 2014's Umbrella Movement, and even though the court may think that both movements are caused by a "perverse wind", I must clarify that the core of both movements is the pursuit of democracy and universal suffrage, and the people being the masters of their own house. In the District Council election on 24 November 2019, which is the closest thing to universal suffrage, nearly 3 million people voted, and the democratic camp won a huge victory, winning majority in 17 District Councils. As canaries in the monetary coal mine, we have repeatedly reminded the government to withdraw the extradition bill and fundamentally reform the system, and the march in Kowloon on 20 October was certainly an opportunity to reflect public opinion. Now, by imposing heavy penalties on us, the court is only punishing public opinion, trapping the canaries in a birdcage, or even stifling them in the palm of their hands, suffocating the freedom of expression.
The importance of persistence
As a result of the crackdown after the mass movement, we lost Apple Daily, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, and the Civil Human Rights Front. Many of our democratic leaders and comrades who had contributed to the movement were imprisoned, and many of our friends who had been passionately involved in the movement had been forced to lay low under the threat of the National Security Law. I still believe that the faith of Hong Kong people and the glory of humanity seen in 2019 will remain unchanged. I will never forget the millions of people who braved the rain and the heat to resist tyranny and evil laws, demonstrating our unity of purpose; I will never forget the crowds of people who gave way to ambulances, demonstrating our civility; I will never forget the young people who sacrificed their lives, demonstrating our courage and bravery; I will never forget the silver-haired who took to the streets to protect the youth, demonstrating our care for each other; I will never forget the "five demands" and the 2019 District Council election, demonstrating our rationality and decency.
Your Honour, I have nothing to be ashamed of and no remorse for what I did on that day. It is my great honour to be in prison with my comrades and to be able to walk with the public after my release. If the rule of law were to lose its democratic foundation, the courts would have no choice but to accept the legal restrictions set by the autocratic regime and become a political tool to eliminate dissent at any time. As Lord Hoffmann, a non-permanent overseas judge of the Court of Final Appeal, said, civil disobedience from the conscience has a long and honourable tradition, and history will prove us right. I hope that my comrades in arms who walked with me in protests will keep their faith and live in love and truth in the midst of this difficult time.
Finally, as I did nine years ago, I would like to say something to those who oppose us, borrowing the words of American civil rights leader Reverend Martin Luther King: "We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you."
Peace be with me and my family, with Your Honour, and with the people of Hong Kong. There are no thugs, only tyranny; five demands, not one less! To god be the glory and to people be the glory!
The Fifth Defendant
Wong Ho Ming
19 August 2021
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[考試的季節]
距離西九龍法院幾分鐘步程,有一間中學,校舍外圍欄,剛剛張貼了新的告示:「香港中學文憑試2021試場編號XXXXX」,這是讓別校考生,識別試場的告示。
法院旁邊的木棉花樹,早前艷紅的花朵,已經掉光,留下光秃秃的樹杆,才看到,頂部有一個鳥巢。夏天快到了,也是學子們的考試季節。
與反修例相關的審訊,不少年輕人,或要考中學文憑試,升了上大學的,在四月底五月初,也要準備應考。這天,一位身型健碩的少年人,到西九龍應訊。25歲的他,現在於大學修讀最後一年,這個夏天,若能順利考試,他就有望能畢業。
青年的案件,發生在荃灣,他亦在荃灣區長大。在西九龍法院五號庭,旁聽席在疫情下只有十來個座位。下午開審時,內庭旁聽席空空如也,即使門外已經大排長龍。原來同一個法庭,要處理多宗瑣碎的案件。來支持青年的人在庭外排了隊,處理其他案件時,保安不讓他們進場。
下午二時半開庭之前,書記如熱窩上的螞蟻,上午積存的案件,延續到下午。
荃灣區發生的大大小小事件,在法庭審訊如下:
「先處理裡面果個。」書記在開庭前呢喃着。「還有那個早上找不到的。」
「裡面果個」原來是指一個62歲,拿綜援的老伯。覊留室的門打開,可以看到裡面灰色的金屬欄杆,鐵鎖鍊的聲音噹噹作響,警員說了一句:「好聲行呀。」一個一拐一拐的老伯,衣着殘舊,緩慢地移動,在犯人欄出現。
面對着一個阿伯,裁判官用了一種較市井的語氣講解,句子尾音拖長:「你用拐杖打警員,控告你三條罪。襲警,在非吸煙區吸煙,唔戴口罩。乃念你係62歲長者,現在罰你2千蚊,監禁六星期。你有無嘢講?」阿伯說沒有,跟着他就回到覊留室。
之後兩個酒吧負責人應訊。一個是年輕鬈髮,一個是成熟一點紥着馬尾的男子。兩個也因為酒吧在疫情下營業,違反防疫相關條例。兩間酒吧也位於荃灣,都在近午夜時分仍然營業,年輕那位求情說自己請的伙記是新聘請的,不熟悉情況,又說自己來自單親家庭,希望法官輕判,最終被判罰一萬元。
另一個酒吧負責人則表示客人其實快要離開,裁判官質疑他的話:「你啲客人仲有三枱,玩緊喎,放緊飛鏢喎!」裁判官最後判馬尾男監禁7天,馬尾男瞪大眼難以置信的,被庭警拖到犯人欄消失了。
另一宗案,那位「早上找不到的」男子,被控在荃灣無牌駕駛等罪名,報稱沒工作的他說,早上「忘記了出席聆訊」,裁判官說:「我有權困住你到五月開審為止。」但最終只是要求男子定期到警署報到,直至下一次聆訊。
流早作業的日常案件,讓法庭有種「街坊味道」,裁判官的語氣也較輕鬆。但到了與反修例運動相關的案件,氣氛又變得嚴肅多了,旁聽人數忽然增加,有形無形的眼睛都在審視着法庭如何處理。
休庭期間,保安員討論:「裁決最少搞三十分鐘。」
25歲的大學生,原來是大學校泳隊游泳健將。他的肩膊寬闊,穿着白色襯衣,黑色白邊的冷衫,白色襯衣的邊邊在冷衫下凸了出來,啡色的布褲下,穿了一對淺啡色猄皮皮鞋。青年髮型清爽,兩邊剷青,茂盛的髮陰妥貼垂在額前。開庭之前,其律師團隊的成員,經過他身旁,輕輕拍了他的肩膊一下,以示鼓勵。
旁聽的人魚貫入場。小法庭的氣氛,變得略為肅穆。
短髮的女裁判官,讀出判詞。在2019年11月12日晚上,於荃灣一帶,有約60人聚集及堵路,警員追捕示威者,把被告截停制服,按壓在地上。警員搜查被告的背包,在裡面發現了一個紅色的「玻璃錘」,意思是可以把玻璃打破的小型錘,被控以「管有物品意圖損壞財產罪」。
辯方曾指出,作證警員口供裡有不吻合地方,例如拘捕警員聲稱最後一次見被告的時間,但另一項紀錄上顯示不一致,亦有指拘捕警員替被告落手扣前曾脫下被告的背包,但影片所見,下了手扣的被告,背包一直在其身上。
裁判官認為,兩名作證警員誠實可靠,辯方所指出的情況,並不關鍵,亦不構成對被告不公平。她亦參考過影片裡的內容,她指出,從警員目睹被告,到追捕的一分鐘,到把被告交給另一警員搜身及查袋的過程,證明被告管有該錘子,而無合理辯解,故此判處被告罪名成立。
此時,旁聽席上,青年的母親及女性親友,拿出紙巾拭淚。本來站得筆直的青年,頻密地貶眼,頭部亦下垂。
辯方律師呈上求情信,他的母親表示,兒子平日努力讀書,閒時只上健身房或練水;父親則求情說,管教兒子不力。辯方律師也形容,青年從小到大在「名校」讀書,青年現在正修讀大學最後一年,快到考試季節,希望能判處監禁以外的刑罰。
但大狀亦說,近日關於反修例案情,經常被政府一方上訴覆核刑期:「我知道,很多這類案情去到法官閣下席前,覆核案件結果都顯示,被告人即使歲數年青,和其他個人因素,並不重要。但請法官閣下考慮到,這宗案件與其他類似案件,並不是最嚴重的,希望法官閣下畀一次機會。這位青年想完成大學的考試。」
裁判官點頭,說要押後半小時。
半小時之後,書記說:「開庭啦!」胖胖的保安姨姨喊:「起立!」
裁判官出來說:「請坐」,除了被告人,所有人都坐下了。裁判官明言,「辯方求情,這是被告在大學的最後一年,加上他是泳隊的優秀成員,但在社會事件中,個人因素不能強調,而考慮更大的是阻嚇性,我同意個錘無拿出來使用,不算類似案件最嚴重類別。以4個月為量刑起點,不嚴重案情扣減1個月,判3個月監禁。」
此時,警員把青年帶進透明玻璃後的犯人欄。
但不一會,辯方律師表示會申請上訴,又指被告會在4月尾5月初考試。裁判官表示,批准被告保釋外出上訴,條件是提高保釋金和實施宵禁,並要定期到警署報到。
「背包還給被告,錘充公」,控方代表說道。
此時,警員又掏出鎖匙開門,犯人欄的門打開,青年又回到法庭自由走動的位置,在保釋期內,有望能完成他大學生涯最後一年的考試。
(西九龍法院旁的一間中學掛出的考場告示)
案件編號忘記 在 宋國鼎律師 苗栗縣議員 Facebook 的最佳解答
有一些聲音、有一些味道,不會忘記。
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天氣還是有點寒冷,起床後,趕緊在口袋塞兩個暖暖包來到市場。
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踏進市場,聽見的是此起彼落的叫賣聲,空氣中飄散各種食材及小吃的香味,勾起腦海裡一股熟悉又親切的印記。
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小時候,媽媽常牽著我一起到菜市場,抬起頭看著媽媽一邊向認識的攤販打招呼買食材、一邊迎來熟識的鄰居互相寒暄,各式各樣的食物、零嘴、乾貨、蔬果、炸物的手推車,把短短幾十公尺寬的街道擠得水洩不通。
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那時候,我其實不太能理解,為甚麼大人們有說不完的話題,常常買菜完之後,還會停留在攤位上聊起各種生活瑣事。索性,媽媽總會在剛到市場時,先繞去我最喜歡的肉乾攤位,買幾片鐵網上烘烤的通紅透亮的肉乾,每次,我都會細緻的分配每一片吃完的時間,不能太快也不能太慢,要在剛好的時間裡吃到肉乾的鮮味,對於兒時的我來說,幾片肉乾就是全世界了。
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一手吃著肉乾,一手牽著媽媽的大手,那美味又溫暖的記憶始終留在心底。菜市場,充滿溫度與令人著迷的地方。
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長大後才知道,菜市場不僅僅只是買賣東西的地方。在這裡,連結的是人與地方間敦厚的情感,以及彼此間不同的生命故事,呈現的是來自地方的生命力。
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於是,從去年11月底開始,我與諮詢律師們一起來到各大市場擺攤。民意代表的選民服務百百種,把服務據點搬到市場擺設攤位,應該還是能排上前幾名的新鮮事!我們這裡,沒有賣香噴噴的油雞腿跟牛蒡天婦羅,也沒有賣海港現殺的鮭魚肚。
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起初,大家都很好奇,我們到底在幹嘛?
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許多人不斷望向行動服務攤位,還以為是擺攤算命,稍微解釋一下行動服務處的概念,還有點驚訝的說,第一次看到議員在市場擺攤,實在太稀奇了。
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後來,詢問的問題越來越多,每一個案件編號後面,都有無法比較的辛酸與無奈。
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我想,改變與幫助不一定是要站在多高深的位置,有時候,從一些小地方著手,一點一滴累積,也能成為巨大的力量。人潮洶湧的市場裡,始終是個充滿溫度與令人著迷的地方。
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這裡有小時候的記憶,也是行動服務處的起點。
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