關於 如來 神 掌 第 六 集 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

1.《Shang Chi》是否真的如外界所說般難看?
自《Shang Chi》首波預告推出之後，網上負評一浪接一浪，先是投訴主角沒戰衣像路人，又說跟習大大樣子相似，就算之後推出多條預告及推廣片，看來沒有甚麼正面的幫助。
看畢電影我的評語是，平平，就是一部不過不失的電影。在前半部尚氣未穿上戰衣，當中幾幕的街頭打鬥相當精采，拳拳到肉，反倒後半略帶拖戲感，後尾那條神龍登場讓我真的有點出戲……加上梁朝偉出演的滿大人帶有一陣說不出的尷尬（造型倒是十分好看），整體故事有一種「外國人眼中的中國文化」的感覺，有其形但沒其魂。加上近期各地「反中」之味甚濃，讓《Shang Chi》未見官先打三十大板，不過以一部起源電影來說，他的確是一部在合格線以上的電影，倒不如放下成見好好觀望漫威的下一步發展。

2.漫威第四階段小評
《Black Widow》及《Shang Chi》算是為漫威第四階段打開第一步，不過這一步看似不是太多人感到滿意，先是《Black Widow》未能給予一個好交待給已逝世的黑寡婦，還有如四不像的《Shang Chi》，究竟漫威是否已經開始走下玻？我們需要理性去看就是，第四階段基本是一個開始，一個在End Game後的故事，即是每一個角色都要重新打造，所謂的塑造期。
然而，塑造期在MCL中當然不是第一次出現，MCU在第一階段打造了元祖復仇者，當中六部電影，其實都只是《Iron Man》及《Avergers 1》算得上好電影，換個角度去看《Shang Chi》甚至比《Thor》更好，所以第四階段是否開始走上玻，還先好好待11月《The Eternals》及12月的《Spider-Man: No Way Home》上映後再下定論。

3.《Shang Chi》彩蛋分析
除了片尾的兩段彩蛋外，電影裡藏了不少彩蛋，例如上映前大家最期待的惡煞對王，雖說片段僅比預告中長了一點點，但從中還是看出一些珠絲馬跡。以漫威劇集近期的走向，MCU應該想組成「雷霆特攻隊」(Thunderbolts)，即類似DC自殺特工隊的存在，為政府幹一些黑道的活，預期成員暫有美國密探、齊莫、二代黑寡婦及惡煞，就看Marvel下一步的安排。另一個驚喜是故事連接上《Iron Man 3》的假滿大人，聞說他將會再次在其他電影裡登場。
之後兩條的片尾彩蛋都十分精彩，先是尚氣如無意外就已經進入了復仇者行列，背景留意到驚奇隊長已經變回長頭髮，以及Banner在Endgame後回復人形，不過彈指的右手還處於受傷狀態。他們正討論尚氣的十環發出某種訊息。尚氣指父親在千年前發現十環，但Banner指十環應該更久遠得多。不禁讓人想起，之前《The Eternals》在預告片中提過在七千年前來過地球，而且十環展開時的光紋亦與《The Eternals》裡的武器很接近，或者就是因為十環的訊息，令天永恆族來到地球亦說不定。
第二個彩蛋看到靈靈坐上父親的龍座，實現她一直夢寐以求的「人人有功練」，不過她是不是正派還是有待商榷。網上有傳她打電話買武器的對象就是在《The Falcon and the Winter Soldier》最後叛變的Sharon Carter，兩個彩蛋看來都為之後留下不少有趣的伏線。
p.s. 在最後一幕的時候，我一直想著周星馳在《功夫》結局打出的天降如來神掌。

陳銳

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

#唐僧玄奘是不是在成都大慈寺修行剃度？
歷史上堪稱偉大冒險旅行家、享譽國際的宗教學者玄奘西行十多年取經回到中原主持翻譯，因為他精湛博學，被人尊稱為「三藏法師」。經過元代雜劇和明代小說《西遊記》的廣泛傳播，玄奘在民間就變成婦孺皆知「唐僧三藏」了。但是，玄奘法師西行取經之前，曾在成都修行五年，到20歲出頭正式在成都的寺廟受戒剃度，然後才有遊歷四方和去天竺印證佛學源頭的宏偉理想。奇怪的是，1000多年以來，不論民間人們口頭相傳還是學術界多數觀點都認為，玄奘是在成都市中心的唐代古寺大慈寺修行並受戒剃度，但諸多古籍史料留下的說法卻能夠證明這一說法並非事實。
　　一、少年玄奘隨哥哥長捷到成都修行
　　玄奘的出生年份並不確定，一般傾向於西元596年（另一說是602年），家鄉是河南偃師緱氏鎮。祖父陳康為北齊國子博士，父親陳慧在隋朝初年當過江陵縣令，家境算是普通。
　　玄奘的俗名叫陳褘，之所以會出家為僧和二哥陳素有關。南北朝到隋朝依然是佛學鼎盛時期，隋文帝和隋煬帝都是大興佛寺的典型，文帝楊堅傳說本來就出生在寺廟，小時候由一個尼姑帶了好幾年。煬帝楊廣在江南拜著名天台宗祖師智顗大師為師，智顗勸諫楊廣為安定江南做出很大貢獻。
　　佛寺興盛為安撫亂世裏的百姓提供一個寄居的環境，當時算是某種救濟疾苦的組織。由於這種社會背景，一表人才的陳素很年輕就在洛陽的淨土寺出家，學問深厚，人稱長捷法師。少年陳褘跟二哥陳素在淨土寺做小沙彌五年，深受兄長的影響。由於玄奘的成就超過哥哥，後來也就為玄奘的出生添加了一些離奇的點綴。玄奘是家裏四位兄弟姐妹中的老四，傳說母親懷他的時候身體欠佳，生他的時候遇到危險，突然屋頂上傳來三聲鳳凰的啼叫，玄奘母親才度過難關平安生下他。父親覺得這孩子不同一般，就找相士來看相，相士連連稱讚說：「此子寶相莊嚴，出生時有祥瑞庇佑，日後成就非同凡響。」
　　還有一個故事是關於他出家的。隋煬帝下詔要在洛陽度僧人27名，其中有個13歲的小童年齡太小，不在入選之列。大理卿鄭善果在淨土寺遇上他，略帶調侃地問道：「你小小孩童出家究竟想做什麼？」那小童從容不迫地回答：「小子要繼承如來的智慧和使命，把他流傳在世間的佛法發揚光大。」鄭善果見他人才出眾，大為驚訝，當即破格錄取，並向同僚誇讚：「此子得度必能弘大佛門的教化。」這個小童就是日後的玄奘。
　　因隋煬帝年間各地義軍打來打去的動盪，洛陽在王世充佔據之下，經常受到滋擾，長捷出於避亂，也是出於求學的念頭，聽聞幾位同鄉高僧大德都在成都佛寺，於是就帶着十五六歲的玄奘千里迢迢到了四川。
　　二、玄奘在大慈寺修行只是傳說
　　大慈寺自唐朝以來曾經是成都歷史上有見於記載的規模最大的寺廟，比今天的規模大幾倍，整個春熙路、鹽市口商業街區全都在大慈寺的範圍內。
　　大慈寺最早始建年代，據宋代普濟《五燈會元》所載，是來自印度的僧人寶掌「魏、晉間東遊此土，入蜀禮普賢，留大慈」，時間大約是四世紀中期，但不一定真實可信。而起初的寺廟名稱也不可考證。因為大慈寺真正得名來自唐玄宗入蜀避亂，這個名字是皇帝賜名的「敕建大聖慈寺」。
　　據說唐玄宗來到成都以後，偶然見大慈寺僧人英幹在街頭施粥，救濟窮困百姓，並為當時中原的戰亂祈福。當時已經年屆七旬的玄宗在逃難過程中，堂堂大唐天子親身經歷過吃不上飯，忍饑挨餓，反而接受百姓救濟的尷尬境地，為此深受感動，然後得知舊交無相禪師在這裏，請他跟著玄宗到行宮內殿居住，賜田一千畝，敕書「大聖慈寺」匾額，讓無相負責主持擴建大慈寺。因為無相禪師先後在成都建造過多家寺廟，有淨眾寺、菩提寺和甯國寺。
　　幾年下來，重新擴建的大慈寺房屋達到96院8542間，一度是成都最繁榮的寺廟。到會昌年間，武宗打擊天下佛寺，因為大慈寺有唐玄宗的御筆題額，故「不在除毀之例」，是當時成都唯一保存下來的佛寺，自然也成了整個四川規模最大的佛寺。不光唐代如此，到宋代也如此。大慈寺壁上有各種如來佛像1200多幅，天王、明王、大神將像260多幅，佛經變像114幅，所有畫像「皆一時絕藝」，蘇軾譽為「精妙冠世」。宋李之純的《大聖慈寺畫記》稱：「舉天下之言唐畫者，莫如大聖慈寺之盛。」到今天依然是成都極為罕見保留有部分唐代原貌的古跡。
　　唐朝剛剛建立的武德元年（618），玄奘與哥哥長捷法師來到成都，在成都各個著名寺廟拜訪高僧，印證交流和學習探討，見於記載的有寶暹、道基、智震、道因等人。玄奘進步很快，據說他隨寶暹學《攝大乘論》，隨道基學《毗曇》，隨智震學《迦延》。武德五年（622）春，玄奘在成都大慈寺的東律院正式受戒並坐夏學律。
　　玄奘前後在成都五年，究通諸部，常在大慈、空慧等著名佛寺講經，為蜀地僧俗所景仰，初步顯現出一代高僧風采，也表現出青年學者的睿智和廣博。但玄奘並不以此感到滿足，對佛學各種學問的好奇和疑惑，渴望與更多高僧交流印證的念頭一直纏繞在他的心中，於是他泛舟三峽，取道荊州再回長安，實現他赴西天取經之壯舉。
　　千百年來，玄奘在大慈寺受戒剃度的說法一直廣為流傳，但近年專家學者對成都歷史文化的研究所得，可能事實並非如此。
　　三、空慧寺與玄奘兄弟的隱秘關係
　　再回武德元年，玄奘與長捷法師經子午穀、劍閣至成都，當時並沒有到城中大慈寺，而是居住在城西的空慧寺，這一細節記載在慧立和彥悰為玄奘寫的《大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳》第一卷中，「時天下饑亂，唯蜀中豐靜」，「法師兄因住空慧寺，亦豐神朗俊，體狀魁傑，有類於父。」儘管這一傳記有許多小說筆法，記錄內容並非百分之百真實，但許多關於玄奘的生平經歷還是被研究者重視的。
　　《法師傳》開篇就提到西蜀佛教的興盛，正因為隋煬帝時期的亂世，許多高僧都投奔西蜀相對安寧，同時南朝以來，成都佛教也發展很快，也才能吸引這些高僧紛紛前來，所以他們兄弟也聞名前往。當時玄奘還只是十五六歲的小沙彌，《法師傳》雖然添加了一些語言誇張地形容玄奘學問有如天才，引起許多蜀中僧人驚歎，但畢竟玄奘尚屬「應法沙彌」階段，還不具備資格獨行法事，按照規矩也應該是跟著哥哥長捷法師一起在空慧寺居住，也時常去其他寺廟拜訪學習。也許是空慧寺後來消亡，玄奘兄弟與空慧寺的淵源一直不被重視。
　　成都空慧寺是一所歷史悠久的佛學講寺，位於成都西郊某處，今天已經不可考證。以史料記載，空慧寺由石犀寺改建而來。石犀寺最早並不是佛寺，主要留存著李冰治水時鑿刻鎮水石犀牛。南朝蕭梁武陵王蕭紀（武帝蕭衍的第八子，在成都十七年）在成都正式改建佛寺，當時叫龍淵寺，是蜀中南朝寺廟的代表之一。據唐代道宣《續高僧傳》記載，蕭紀專門從洛陽請了高僧慧韶入蜀弘法，慧韶，俗姓陳氏，為洛陽潁川陳太丘之後，與玄奘兄弟屬於同籍同族的本家。慧韶奉邀至蜀，于諸寺講論，開道如川流。到唐朝以後，因為避諱高祖李淵的名字才改名空慧寺。正因為空慧寺的興盛與玄奘兄弟有莫大淵源，所以他們入蜀以後專門前往那裏瞻仰，也就居住在空慧寺。
　　《續高僧傳•玄奘傳》還記載：「晚與二兄俱住益南空慧寺」長捷法師在空慧寺中開法筵講席，「凡講《盤經》《攝大乘論》、《阿曇》、兼通《書》《尚書》、《傳》（春秋三傳），尤善《老》（《道德經》）、《莊》（《莊子》）長捷法師的講筵法席「為蜀人所慕」。當時僧官「總管酂公特所欽重」。
　　很顯然，唐朝剛剛建立時的大慈寺還沒有後來的名氣，地位遠不如空慧寺，以長捷、玄奘與空慧寺的家鄉淵源，寄居修行於空慧寺更合乎情理。只不過空慧寺毀于唐武宗時期，宣宗即位，重興此寺，改名聖壽寺。
　　北宋人吳師孟《大中祥符禪院記》與南宋馮檝《大中祥符院大悲像並閣記》記述了重興之聖壽寺規模，大略謂寺院占地七頃，共三十院。規模、佛寺一度媲美大聖慈寺。南宋紹興十七年（1147）季春，院中塑觀音像一尊，歷經五年方完工，是迄今為止成都市最大的雕塑觀音像。但由於空慧寺名稱已經不再使用，從此就淹沒了。
　　空慧寺具體位置歷來也有爭議。據清朝一些史料觀點，認為年羹堯于雍正初年在原來空慧寺、聖壽寺的位置改建了將軍衙門，那麼應該就是今天成都市金河街、東西勝街及將軍衙門一片，這一說法參見西南民族大學文學院教授祁和暉《唐僧玄奘成都五年修習研究》的考證。（《西南民族大學》（人文社科版）2008年12月總第208期）。但另有一說法則是偏南的文廟街一帶，因為有唐代古籍《續高僧傳》點明玄奘「晚與二兄俱住益南空慧寺」，支持位置是成都偏南的地方。如袁庭棟的《成都街巷志》一書中，就是在介紹文廟街時順帶提到過空慧寺的情況。
　　四、玄奘在多寶寺修行而被誤認為是大慈寺
　　事實上，空慧寺的名聲雖然在隋唐時很大，但玄奘可能也並沒有與哥哥長捷住在一起。因為畢竟《法師傳》寫明只是「法師兄因住空慧寺」，而《續高僧傳》雖然支持說玄奘與長捷同住空慧寺，但求學與修行可能另有別處，更重要的是受戒剃度在空慧寺的可能性不大。
　　根據玄奘當時拜訪求學多位元高僧的情況，玄奘修行所在應該是成都城東的多寶寺。這也是一座成都名寺，由晉朝寶掌禪師興建，多寶寺位於城外僻靜的地方，而玄奘和長捷都是潛心向學的人，兩兄弟分別居住更有利於各自修行，這也比較符合研究學問的實際，這是其一。
　　多寶寺當時聚集高僧很多，其中有一個高僧道因法師年長玄奘十五歲，同樣是玄奘的河南家鄉人，俗姓侯。多年以後玄奘從天竺取經歸來，道因法師還被請到長安與玄奘一起翻譯經書，兩人交情極好。另據《大宋高僧傳》，玄奘請教學習的寶暹、道基兩位法師當時也都在多寶寺。這是第二點。
　　再次，多寶寺位於成都城郊外，當時要出城十多裏。更重要的一點證據是，多寶寺在成都城內另設有戒律院，正好與大慈寺毗鄰，玄奘正式受戒剃度就是當時多寶寺設在城內的戒律院。只不過唐朝中期以後大慈寺因得到玄宗李隆基下旨擴建而出名，吞併了城中原來的多寶寺戒律院地盤，演變為大慈寺的東律院和西律院（東律院原屬多寶寺的位置應該是大慈寺以東靠近府南河一邊），因此後人才會誤認為玄奘是在大慈寺受戒剃度，再後來就演變為玄奘一直就是在大慈寺修行，事實上還是有很大差別的。
　　正因為成都的多寶寺當時有戒律院，各方高僧雲集，寺廟規模很大，所以具備傳授戒律的資質。而空慧寺雖然聲名遠播，但規模和受戒條件似乎還不夠。關於玄奘受戒剃度的推斷可見四川文史館馮修齊《玄奘在成都大慈寺受戒考論》（《西華大學學報》2009年4月）。另外明代曹學佺所著《蜀中名勝記》也記載，唐高宗儀鳳年間（676-679），空慧寺獲得敕建佛塔，當時在該寺獲得受戒者才700人，這時已經距離玄奘受戒有55年之久。雖然缺乏更多具體證明空慧寺受戒資質的資料，但推測空慧寺在唐朝初年應該還不具備剃度條件。
　　綜合來說，玄奘當年在成都多寶寺修行五年並受戒剃度的可能性更大，也能與大慈寺的流傳演變聯繫起來，應該是符合歷史實際的。

（本文由「歷史春秋網」授權「知史」轉載繁體字版，特此鳴謝。）
#知史 #中國歷史 #玄奘 #唐三藏 #大慈寺

頤和園是清朝的皇家行宮和大型皇家園林，位於中國北京市海淀區西北，占地290公頃（合4400畝）。頤和園修建於清朝乾隆年間（原名清漪園）、重建於光緒年間，曾屬於清朝北京西郊三山五園之一。頤和園素以人工建築與自然山水巧妙結合的造園手法著稱於世，是中國園林藝術頂峰時期的代表。1998年，頤和園被評為世界文化遺產。頤和園以萬壽山和昆明湖為主，昆明湖占頤和園總面積的四分之三。除了湖山，還有殿堂景區、耕織圖景區。重要建築集中在萬壽山南北中軸線上。萬壽山分為前山、後山兩部分，前山自東向西有養雲軒、無盡意軒、介壽堂、排雲殿、清華軒、寶雲閣、共一樓、聽鸝館、畫中游等知名景觀。後山南北中軸線為規模宏大的漢藏風格寺廟殿宇，包括四大部洲、須彌靈境、香岩宗印之閣等等，周圍點綴以數座小型山間園林，有蘇州街、寅輝城關、花承閣、賅春園、繪芳堂等建築。昆明湖中有三座島嶼，分別名為南湖島、藻鑒堂島、治鏡閣島。昆明湖由一條西堤將大湖一分為二，光緒時建立圍牆，修築起了東堤。
頤和園的主要區域可包括六個部分，分別是殿堂景區（是帝後料理朝政和住宿所在）、萬壽山景區、昆明湖景區、耕織圖景區（獨特的農牧色彩）、長廊景區和中軸景區（起於前山雲輝玉宇牌樓，止於後山慈福慧因牌樓）。作為一座知名園林博物館，擁有豐富制式的園林建築和景觀營造手法，涵蓋了中國傳統名著中的亭台樓閣，軒榭台堂。
東宮門：為頤和園的正門。門前有兩隻銅獅，是清漪園遺物。宮門前的雲龍石階是圓明園安佑宮遺物。門額上「頤和園」三字為光緒帝御筆親賜。宮門前有大廣場，南北兩側為朝房，前有大影壁。
仁壽殿：在頤和園東宮門內，是慈禧太后、光緒帝夏天住在頤和園中臨朝聽政，接受恭賀，以及接見王公大臣和外國使節的地方，這裡也曾經是光緒皇帝頒詔實行變法維新的地方。始建於乾隆十五年（1750年）命名為勤政殿，意為不忘勤理政務。咸豐十年（1860年）遭到英法聯軍焚毀，光緒十二年（1886年）慈禧太后重建時，改為現名，意為施仁政者長壽之意，是頤和園聽政區的主要建築。殿為東向，面闊九間，單檐卷棚歇山頂，兩側有南北配殿，前有銅麒麟、壽星石，以及銅龍銅鳳的雕像，排列在仁壽殿外。是皇帝，皇后在舉行朝會大典時會點燃檀香。在中國古代龍就是皇帝的象徵，鳳就是皇后的象徵。按照慣例是龍在上，鳳在下，但是自慈禧太后掌權之後，就將龍，鳳的位置給顛倒變成鳳在上，龍在下，藉此來顯示出慈禧太后的權威。殿外懸掛著「大圓寶鏡」的匾額，意為當政者的智慧如同大圓寶鏡一樣，能夠洞察一切。殿內則是高懸著「壽協仁符」的金字匾額，意為仁與壽君子兼而有之。正殿內設置慈禧太后，光緒帝召見王公大臣時的寶座，寶座是用上等的紫檀木雕刻而成，椅背上刻有九條金龍，寶座的旁邊設有掌扇，鼎爐，鶴燈。東為仁壽門。殿北有水井「延年井」，殿後為巨大的獅子林假山，仿蘇州獅子林，堆山所用的劍石、石筍為圓明園正大光明殿後假山遺物。
玉瀾堂：在仁壽殿西，始建於乾隆十五年（1750年），咸豐十年（1860年），光緒十八年（1892年）重建，成為皇帝在頤和園中處理政務和居住的地方。正殿即玉瀾堂，堂名是取自晉代詩人陸機的詩句「玉泉甬微瀾」當中的「玉」和「瀾」二字合併而成。內設有御案寶座。原為一四通八達的穿牆殿，光緒皇帝曾經被慈禧太后囚禁於此，因此殿北的後門用磚牆砌死。前院東配殿名霞芬室，西配殿為藕香榭，兩殿的門內亦可見圈禁光緒帝的圍牆，是一處重要的歷史遺蹟。正殿地磚上原有坑窪洞痕，為光緒帝被囚禁時用手杖擊地發泄而成。玉瀾堂西側另有夕佳樓，樓西為鄰水過道，蜿蜒曲折，稱為「九道灣」。
宜芸館：在玉瀾堂北面，乾隆時是藏書之所，光緒年間改建為光緒皇帝的皇后隆裕的居所。院門為垂花門，稱宜芸門，門內側牆壁上有10塊石刻，是乾隆帝摹寫的名家法帖，原藏於惠山園內，重建時移此。正殿為宜芸館，東配房稱道存齋，西配房稱近西軒，均沿用乾隆時舊名。戊戌政變後，玉瀾堂與宜芸館之間的通道也被磚牆切斷。宜芸館北門有飛閣復道通至德和園戲台。
德和園大戲樓：頤和園中看戲的地方，原為乾隆時期的怡春堂。樓高21米，三層，結構與圓明園同樂園清音閣和避暑山莊清音閣相同（與紫禁城暢音閣不同的地方在於其外形是卷棚頂，且覆灰瓦），是清朝最大的戲樓之一，三層舞台間有天地井相通，南部有兩層的扮戲樓，北部為看戲用的頤樂殿。德和園之東為「東八所」（壽膳房、壽茶房、壽藥房）、養花廠和武備院等服務性院落，現被隔出頤和園，改為頤和安縵酒店。
樂壽堂：是慈禧太后在頤和園中居住的地方，始建於乾隆十五年（1750年），咸豐十年（1860年）遭到英法聯軍燒毀，光緒十三年（1887年）重建。門外有水木自親碼頭，有牌坊，是清宮中最早安裝電燈的地方之一。院子分為三路，中路樂壽堂為慈禧太后的居所，中部為起居空間，裡面設有用上等木材紫檀木雕刻而成的「御案寶座」後面放著十五折的玻璃屏風，兩側設有羽毛掌扇，羽毛掌扇不但裝飾精美，也可以顯示出慈禧太后的威儀。西間為寢宮，東間為更衣室。堂前陳列銅鹿、銅鶴、寶瓶，取「六合太平」諧音。寢宮內的文物有用珍珠、瑪瑙、翡翠製成的花籃，用金銀和各種寶石鑲嵌的四季花卉壁畫等。樂壽堂前有明代米萬鍾遺留的「青芝岫」巨石，院中栽培玉蘭、海棠、牡丹，取「玉堂富貴」之意。後院原有乾隆時期遺留之古玉蘭樹，2005年枯死移除。東跨院後半部稱「永壽堂」，為太監總管李蓮英住所。西跨院北部有假山，以及坐落於山上的扇面殿「揚仁風」。揚仁風院落西南角即長廊入口。
長廊：東起樂壽堂西院，西至石丈亭。長廊長達728米，共273間，其間點綴以留佳、寄瀾、秋水、清遙四座亭子，以及魚藻軒、對鷗舫兩座對稱的點景建築。長廊背山面水，平面呈展翅蝙蝠形狀（取福字諧音），不僅把各處景點有機地串聯起來，本身也是頤和園中一處最有名的景觀，長廊上有西遊記、三國演義、紅樓夢、西湖風景、二十四孝、中國古代詩歌和神話故事（如張敞畫眉、牛郎織女、張良納履等）、山水花鳥等圖畫，共計一萬七千餘幅。
排雲殿：在萬壽山前山中部的建築中軸線上，原址為大報恩延壽寺，1892年重修，是慈禧太后做壽時接受賀拜、舉行慶典的地方。「排雲」二字出自晉朝人郭璞「神仙排雲出，但見金銀台」的詩句。排雲殿正門為排雲門，門前有雲輝玉宇牌坊，兩側有十二屬相石。排雲門和二宮門之間有方形的蓮池，池上架金水橋，兩門內分別有紫霄、玉華、芳輝、雲錦四座配殿。排雲殿正殿為頤和園內等級最高的建築，建在九級漢白玉台基上，七間五進，重檐歇山頂，黃琉璃瓦，左右兩側有耳殿，各殿之間有復道相連，橫列共計二十一間。排雲殿之後為德輝殿，再後為高42米的石砌高台，沿台前八字樓梯「朝真磴」可向上通往佛香閣。排雲殿東為介壽堂，西為清華軒，清朝時均為命婦退居之所，現被頤和園作為別墅出租，不對遊人開放。介壽堂內有連理柏和紫玉蘭各一株，頗為名貴。
佛香閣：位於萬壽山前山正中位置，為鐵力木修建的八角形三層樓閣，高41米，上覆綠剪邊黃琉璃瓦，是頤和園內體量最大的建築。閣內供奉接引佛，每月朔望，慈禧太后在此燒香禮佛。佛香閣原為九層佛塔延壽塔，修築到第八層時乾隆帝下令拆毀，仿武昌黃鶴樓改建閣樓。
智慧海：位於萬壽山山巔，為無梁佛殿，全部為五色琉璃磚砌成，色彩絢麗，圖案精美，壁面嵌有1000多尊佛像。外牆下半部琉璃磚上的佛像頭部在文化大革命中被悉數鑿毀。殿內觀音像為乾隆時所造。殿前有琉璃牌坊，其上石額構成「眾香界」、「祗樹林」、「智慧海」、「吉祥雲」四句偈語。
萬壽山昆明湖碑：在排雲殿之東，碑上有乾隆御書「萬壽山昆明湖」六字，碑後是乾隆所撰《昆明湖記》，講述修建清漪園的理由。碑左右各有一座亭子，亭內有「轉輪藏」木塔，塔中有軸，推之使其轉動。此處仿杭州法雲寺藏經閣而建，不對遊客開放。
寶雲閣：在排雲殿之西。又稱「銅亭」。建於乾隆20年（1755年），高7.55米，重41.4萬斤，蟹青冷古銅色仿木結構，樑柱、椽瓦、斗拱、門窗、對聯全部用銅鑄成。門窗原被八國聯軍掠走，在1980年代由海外華人購得，捐給頤和園。
石舫：清晏舫，原名石舫。是一半入水的兩層石舫，長96米，上原有中式艙樓，1860年被焚，光緒重建時改為木製仿西洋大理石艙樓，並在石舫兩側加造明輪。石舫西北為小島，島上原有西所買賣街，兩岸仿揚州瘦西湖景色。
聽鸝館：在萬壽山前山西部。內有兩層戲樓一座，在修建德和園大戲樓前，這裡是慈禧太后聽戲的主要場所。館內古柏參天，館外有杏樹和翠竹。聽鸝館現為聽鸝館飯莊，經營仿清宮廷菜餚，內設貴壽廳、福壽廳、壽膳廳等十個餐廳。
畫中游：在萬壽山西部，依山而建，中為八角形兩層樓閣，東西為兩樓兩亭，東樓名「借秋」，西樓名「愛山」。各建築間有爬山遊廊和石洞相通，錯綜複雜，猶如迷宮。站在亭上四周環顧，有置身於畫中之感。
前山東部：有景福閣、自在莊、含新亭、養雲軒、意遲雲在、千峰彩翠、無盡意軒、寫秋軒、國花台等點景建築。無盡意軒和自在莊清朝為命婦退息之所。景福閣為慈禧太后觀賞雨景、月景之地。
前山西部：有邵窩殿、雲松巢、湖山真意、山色湖光共一樓、石丈亭等點景建築。邵窩殿之名取南北朝時宋朝邵康「安樂窩」典故，雲松巢取李白「吾將此地巢雲松」詩句，兩殿現均為頤和園工作人員休息處。
長廊西端，石丈亭北有一組院落，稱「西四廳」，戊戌變法失敗後，慈禧太后移居頤和園時將珍妃囚禁於此。西四廳西北有貝闕，又稱宿雲檐，乾隆時是清漪園的西門，上供關帝銀像。貝闕向北有並列的石橋兩座，東橋低平，西橋為拱橋。清漪園時期園牆從兩橋中間穿過，西橋在園外，東橋在園內。
後山
蘇州街：又稱買賣街。乾隆二十七年壬午（1762年），乾隆帝下江南，到蘇州遊歷唐代白居易修建的七里山塘，回京後在頤和園後湖仿照七里山塘的模樣修建了蘇州街。1860年被英法聯軍焚毀，光緒時期重建頤和園時未修復，1988年復建。
諧趣園：位於頤和園東北角。此園是乾隆於乾隆十六年（1751年——下江南時，看了無錫惠山腳下的寄暢園，仿其意而建，自然保有江南園林之美。諧趣園原名惠山園，1811年曾經改建並改為現名，為萬壽山東麓的園中園。這座園有「到門唯見水，入室盡疑舟」之美譽。園內水多橋多，最著名的橋是知魚橋。此橋橋身低平，貼近水面，能讓遊客觀賞魚群在水中來回穿行。橋坊上有乾隆皇帝命題的詩句。諧趣園的北部是正殿涵遠堂，此堂原為慈禧太后在此水池釣魚時休息之用，殿內裝飾精美雅緻，在頤和園里可說是上乘之作。另外，環繞水池的遊廊是一條景色多變的的遊覽路線，隨著每一轉折，必有新的景色出現在眼前。
四大部洲：位於後山中部中軸線上，仿照西藏扎囊縣的著名古寺桑耶寺，為漢藏風格的宗教建築群，居中為漢式建築香嚴宗印之閣，內供藥師、如來、阿彌陀三尊佛像，香嚴宗印之閣四周環繞藏式的四大部洲殿、八小部洲殿、日殿、月殿、四色塔。承德避暑山莊外八廟中的普寧寺布局與此相似。香嚴宗印之閣下原為須彌靈境殿，1860年被焚毀，未修復。須彌靈境殿前為松堂，是一座長方形廣場。
花承閣琉璃塔：位於後山東部，原為半圓形高台建築，1860年被焚毀，現存琉璃塔一座，太湖石及漢白玉浮雕海獸台基一座，以及柱礎、石階遺蹟。琉璃塔下部的佛像頭部被紅衛兵鑿除。
賅春園遺址：位於後山西部，為乾隆時修建的一處小型園林，園內最大建築為清可軒，是乾隆帝的書房，依崖而建，以石崖為其南牆。西隔桃花溝為丁香院，院南山崖上有香雲窟石洞，洞內有乾隆題詩和石座，洞西有十八羅漢摩崖石刻。賅春園1860年被焚毀，僅存園門一座，但台階、殿基和部分圍牆保存完好。
綺望軒遺址：位於後山西部山腳下，後湖旁。為乾隆時修建的一處小型園林，構造巧妙，地面隱蔽處有山洞，向下可直通湖邊石岸碼頭。

作者：黃玉郎
出版社：玉皇朝
出版年份：1993年至2013年
系列：
(一)開周篇
(二)秦皇篇
(三)流氓天子
(四)大唐威龍
(五)如來神掌
(六)洪武大帝
(七)三國驕皇
(八)蒼天霸皇
本集內容重點：
黃生當年出獄後第5次創業而創作的主打漫畫。由周天子到成吉思汗，經歷過不同的主筆同編劇，孰好孰劣？
成套系列經歷廿載，總抬來說算是精益求精，　還是一蟹不如一蟹呢？

作者：黃玉郎
出版社：玉皇朝
出版年份：1993年至2013年
系列：
(一)開周篇
(二)秦皇篇
(三)流氓天子
(四)大唐威龍
(五)如來神掌
(六)洪武大帝
(七)三國驕皇
(八)蒼天霸皇
本集內容重點：
黃生當年出獄後第5次創業而創作的主打漫畫。由周天子到成吉思汗，經歷過不同的主筆同編劇，孰好孰劣？
成套系列經歷廿載，總抬來說算是精益求精，　還是一蟹不如一蟹呢？