關於 大地之子雕塑 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

《塑膠包裹凱旋門：這是人類的勝利？還是工業生產物的凱旋？》

9月13日，已故著名大地藝術家克里斯托（Christo) 生前設計的最重要作品《被包裹的凱旋門》(The Arc de Triomphe, Wapped)完成整體包裹工作。

凱旋門籠罩在銀光閃閃的可回收塑料織物下，呈現出人們從未見過的全新面貌。

被包裹的陌生感，也許可以喚醒人們對凱旋門、對工業革命的反思？對環境的反省？

凱旋門一直在那裡，如果它也被塑膠包住了，那是誰的凱旋？

著名大地藝術家克里斯托和他的妻子尚娜·克勞德（Jeanne-Claude）是全球最著名的大地藝術家組合。

從上世紀60年代開始，他們以白色的紙、各種不同的材質，匪夷所思的方式，包裹了峽谷、海岸、德國國會大廈、橋梁和島嶼，讓自然界和公共建築呈現出令人震撼反思的景象。

克里斯托夫婦的代表作品包括：巴黎塞納河上的「新橋」，澳洲的海岸線，邁阿密的島嶼以及德國國會大廈。

他們最為著名的作品之一，1995年包裹德國國會大廈：高46公尺、長183公尺、寬122公尺的德國國會大廈，被10萬平方公尺的銀白色丙烯面料和1.5萬公尺的深藍繩索包裹起來，成為一座整體閃爍著銀色光芒的大地雕塑。

這件作品持續了14天，吸引了500萬名遊客，震撼了全世界。

包裹凱旋門的作品設計草圖，早在1961年已經畫好了，但直到60年後才終於成為現實。他們想使凱旋門變成一座有生命和呼吸的建築，表面隨風而動，反射陽光，讓人想要靠近觸摸：沒有那麼宏偉，卻又思省人類的渺小。

這和當年凱旋門建造宣揚戰爭的勝利，完全相反。

尚娜·克勞德2009年已去世，克里斯托也於去年5月底在美國紐約的家中逝世，當凱旋門是他們最後的作品，也是他們告別身為人類的穿越之門。

肚皮舞 | Coco老師 |#WorldGym線上運動 精華篇#16
最初於上古文明對大地的孺慕之情，因此這舞蹈訓練在喚起女性身體原有的節奏感與美感，尋回身體原有的面貌，重要是學習如何放鬆身體。
中東肚皮舞訓練各部位的肌力，如脖子、肩膀、手臂、腹、腰、臀部、及大腿的肌力與靈活度，同時雕塑腰、臀和腹部等部位，其中又以腹部為中心，將身體分成不同區域獨立運作並組合，形成特殊柔美線條，搭配上音樂情感，展現出中東獨特韻味及奔放，配合老師編排的舞蹈，綻放前所未有的性感與迷人光彩。

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「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

大夫山森林公園位於廣州市番禺區市橋以西三公里處，跨市橋、鍾村兩鎮，毗鄰順德碧桂園，北與祈福新村接壤。總面積約9000畝，是廣州地區生態型森林公園。公園內連綿不斷的群山環抱著，海拔226.6米的番禺第一高峰大夫山。還有大小山塘和多個人工湖，從而形成了峰戀起伏、湖光倒影的景象。大夫山森林公園被稱為“番禺的氧吧”。大夫山早年叫大烏崗，後因當地人民紀念西漢初年的朝中重臣陸賈大夫而改此名。中國當時中原一帶，各路諸侯為得天下，刀兵相見，戰火瀕紛，百越人趙佗便趁機在南越（今廣東、廣西一帶）番禺自立為南越武王。漢高祖得天下後，不想用兵征伐南越趙佗，於是派謀士陸賈南下說服趙佗歸順漢朝。陸賈憑著他出色的口才，深陳大義，終於收服了趙佗，並代表漢朝廷授印封趙佗為南越王。陸賈因此有功，被封為上大夫。劉邦死後，太后專政，偏聽朝中一些自命清高的官員之詞，視嶺南一帶為蠻夷之地，加以岐視。趙佗因此對朝中不滿，再次自立為南越武帝。至後漢，孝文帝只好又派陸賈大夫南下，再次說服趙佗歸順漢朝。前後17年裏，陸賈大夫從中原兩下南越番禺，說服邊民，為維護國家統一作出了重大貢獻。這段歷史典故，在南越大地傳為美談，廣州市內陳家祠現有精美的雕塑重現了這一史實，大夫山上建有大夫閣、大夫書院等。1996—2000年，番禺區政府投資1億多元興建大夫山森林公園，首期工程湖光花木觀賞區建設基本完成，並於1999年8月免費開放至今，平均每天遊客有2000多人，節假日近萬人。公園建設的主要專案有聚秀湖、紅山湖、竹山湖、鳳山湖、翠景湖、雲岫湖、半島觀景台、果合景區、燒烤場、兒童活動及成人活動場、釣魚區、遊艇碼頭及配套、鳳山茶軒、園區道路11.8公里、登山步級路20公里、南區所在的景區相關景點、公廁以及完成所有項目與之配套的綠化工程，完成綠化面積達50萬平方米。 多年未見的野鴨、毛雞等經常在公園裏出現。公園總體規劃以森林文化為主，以優化生態環境，保護自然資源、科學利用、適度建設為指導思想。公園由湖光花木區，田園生態觀光區、大夫山攬勝區、中心風景區、草坪曠野區、森林逗趣區、水寮野趣區和文體康樂區組成。園區有單車1千多台，其中包括單人車，子母車和情侶車和三人車。騎著自行車南北暢遊大夫山，約需時一個小時，沿途高山流水、綠樹成蔭，登山遠眺。
2016鍾村街道是中國廣東省廣州市番禺區下轄的一個街道，位於番禺區西北部。轄區總面積52平方公里，下轄4個社區8個村民委員會，總居住人口13.5萬人，戶籍人口4.5萬人。2009年國內生產總值81.5億元人民幣。鍾村街下含鍾一、鍾二、鍾三、鍾四，另有冼敦、勝石、漢溪、謝村8個村。

本集主題： #陶瓷雕塑展　#林洛安專訪
　　
凝結萌芽的瞬間，微觀生機之傳承
　　
法國畫家歐仁•德拉克羅瓦曾說「自然只是一部字典而不是一本書」藝術家林洛以植物的意象，創作出內心對於美的造型想像，綠意盎然、生生不息又完美的幻想世界
　　
山林間奔放自由的童年
　　中忘卻停下腳步回頭探究自我。洛安回想起就學的時光說到：我一直是生長在台北的孩子，相當融入城市中快速的腳步、繁忙的生活，求學的階段就讀普通國高中，下課後不外乎穿梭在人來人往的台北車站，擠在電影院般排排座的補習班，周末再起個大早到圖書館報到，日復一日的規律又乏味的生活讓我漸漸遺忘觀察日常事物的樂趣。
　　聊著聊著，說到小學久遠的記憶略微模糊，述說在自然中度過的童年時光「當時媽媽將我和弟弟送到陽明的森林小學就讀，全校只有六個班級，還記得每個班級在大水溝旁邊都有塊田，每天早上都要從水溝撈水照顧自己的農作物，可能是四季豆、番茄或是小黃瓜。在森林小學的課程一周有兩日半天的自然課程，老師讓我們在山中集合，每周帶學生認識校園周遭的植物與動物，除老師的講解還需到圖書館翻閱圖鑑、書籍，認真查資料加上寫生畫圖才能完成一張學習單，那時候就發現自己對於植物寫生的喜愛。」經過這段敘述，可以想像童年在山間奔跑的自由與快樂，加上林洛安家裡曾開過花店，走在路上、有花草的地方，母親便會一一告訴她這是什麼花、這是什麼植物…，因此在成長過程中不知不覺累積了大量植物知識。
　　林洛安的父親長年居於雲南的西雙版納，從事普洱茶商的工作，回台期間總會與她分享在當地與茶山村民互動、述說生長了百年的野生茶樹是多麼地高，而茶的採收作業是如何遵循季節更迭來摘取葉芽，使茶樹生長得更茂密；不使用農藥與人工化肥，以維持大自然間生息的平衡，洛安每每聽起關於茶山的故事，便會對大自然有種景仰與說不出的感謝，感謝大自然的照顧。
　　
在城市中尋找綠意
　　近幾因搬家緣故，有幸家中多了一片小小的花園，喚起林洛安對花草的興趣，開啟了綠手指生活，其中對於多肉植物更是上心，其圓潤而飽滿的葉面和多變的外型令她感到驚奇，漸漸投身研究如何種植，進而有了自己一個多肉植物小天地。
　　就讀研究所期間，林洛安曾於誠品歐風花藝店打工一段時間，每日店內皆會保有2、30種進口花材與葉材，以及各式植栽與大型植物裝置，打工期間認識了許多植物與花材，也能利用上班空檔練習花材的搭配。這些生命經驗、對於植物的喜愛與研究，不知不覺已成為創作的養份。
　　
取材於自然的溫度創作
　　大學就讀台藝大工藝設計系期間，林洛安接觸了多樣工藝媒材，包含金屬、陶藝與木工等，剛開始她覺得陶藝並不吸引人，經過兩年的學習，發現陶藝的塑造過程、裝飾技法與燒成都有著深厚學問與知識，而陶土的易塑性、能立體呈現作品外型等特質，更是令她深受吸引的原因。洛安認為「陶土經常被形容成為一種溫暖的材，在適當的濕度下捏塑起來的觸感柔軟細緻，其原料包含高嶺土及複雜的礦物質，使其成現不同的色彩、硬度、燒成溫度、黏土顆粒的粗細。對於土的掌控，水也是很重要的一環，只要對乾濕度控制得宜加上眾多的成型方式，黏土就能在手中千變萬化，結合了土、水及在燒成環節需要用到的火，這樣近乎自然的材質皆取之於大地，甚至滋養了同樣被喻為溫暖的材質-木材，大地對我而言就是最溫暖的存在。」
　　從眾多媒材當中，林洛安選擇專注於陶藝創作，本次展覽作品造型元素靈感通常源自於植物的啟發，更將自然界植物所展現的對稱、飽滿、滑順、曲面等元素納入其中。
　　
捕捉生機展現瞬間
　　本次系列作品以植物發芽的瞬間與繁衍的傳遞，作為展覽主軸，林洛安觀察到許多女性藝術家創作靈感經常來自植物、花卉與性徵，例如美國女性畫家喬治亞•歐姬芙(Georgia Totto O'Keeffe)的花朵繪畫「對於大部分的開花植物來說，花朵背負著複雜美妙的繁衍工作，它們色彩艷麗、香味誘人，花瓣的造型襯托出花粉和花柱，吸引昆蟲來傳遞花粉，繁衍後代。」。
　　（萌系列作品）微觀植物的細節，作品呈現圓潤、簡潔的線條，將特點聚焦，林洛安舉例作品（萌），在一似葉面組織的平面上的兩點，象徵著甫冒出的芽點，佐以戲劇性的色彩打光加強重點。（傳遞系列作品）外型靈感來自於顯微鏡下的花粉，理念源自花粉的傳遞過程，授粉代表著植物生命延續與傳承。在作品的展現上也承續著自然界的定律「散撥越多種子提高生存機率的定律」大量複製同樣一件的組件作品ex. （向光），使用種子發芽意象並向著陽光方向排列，呈現出律動感及方向性。藉由不同的媒材質感與成形方式，希望能更貼近她所想要傳遞的視覺感受。
　　
自然的樂章與傳達
　　「我希望透過我的作品，也能傳達這樣的感受給觀者，讓觀賞的人能夠感受到美好及愉悅的情緒。」當藝術家林洛安徜徉於大自然所帶來的感動及美時，經由創作將這些生長的瞬間記錄下來，透過這樣的實現過程，傳遞給觀者，同時也達到自我療癒。林洛安的作品如同一首平靜溫涼的歌曲，卻飽含生命力與希望，帶領觀者徜徉於自然界的篇章。她更希望此次展出能有別於以往以材質特性為出發的習慣，以最純粹又新穎的視覺感受傳達作品義涵，帶來不一樣的陶瓷雕塑作品。（文：金車文藝中心）
　　　　
　　　　
林洛安學歷：2013- 國立臺灣藝術大學 工藝所陶瓷組
　　　　　　2009- 2013 國立臺灣藝術大學 工藝系
　　　　
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蘇貞昌今(18)日受邀到文化大學演講，演講主題「比政治更重要的事」，蘇貞昌首先以最近日本311大地震破題，闡述全世界地球村的概念，透過媒體網路當媒介，遠在日本所發生的災難狀況，全球都能夠同步感受現場摧枯拉朽的慘況，而世界各國也透過網路，在最短時間內瞭解日本欠缺何種物資，發起募款，有效率地給日本民眾幫助。蘇貞昌演講主軸緊扣地球村的世界，以及網路時代的行動主義對世界帶來重大的影響，最後，蘇貞昌期許所有年輕人，應該要學有專精，也要放眼世界，同時也希望大家可以勇敢去闖、勇敢做夢！

蘇貞昌從此次日本大地震開始講起，帶入世界地球村的概念，日本距離台灣說近不近，但日本這次發生三一一大地震，所帶來的海嘯、核能輻射危機、金融的動盪，都深深影響著台灣，甚至是影響全球，全球也跟著動盪。

蘇貞昌說，媒體網路時代在全球化的世代，扮演著非常重要的角色，透過網路，過去台灣發生八八水災，政府沒有能力提供正確的訊息，反而是網友們串連起來，架設了一個準確反映各地災情的網站，將正確的資訊蒐集、傳播，還能募集到需要的物資，送到最需要的地區；日前蘇貞昌在Facebook上發起募書的活動，沒想到短短兩個禮拜，就募集了超過40箱、上千本的書籍，捐贈給雲林讀冊館；這次日本大地震，日本留學生Fumi Lin的臉書留言，透過網路在第一時間，讓關懷和鼓勵沒有距離，這就是網路的力量，也是地球村。

蘇貞昌進一步表示，透過社群網路，可以把人的思想、情感、創意透過串聯不斷地放大，無遠弗屆地延伸、傳送與集結。更證明了社群網路發展的速度與規模皆超乎想像，讓習於掌控媒體主流輿論的統治者，恐怕從此再難高枕無憂，因為時間與科技可不是站在他們這一邊的。蘇貞昌提到最近發生在突尼西亞、埃及的茉莉花革命，利用網路示威衝突的影片被世界看到，並且逐漸擴散，最終在三周內推翻了執政23年的班阿里；埃及人民更在18天內扳倒了執政30年的穆巴拉克；甚至連中國也陸續發生數起透過網路發起的定點聚會活動，引起世人關注，更讓中國政府大為緊張，每每出動大量的警力予以驅趕。這些例子都可以看出網路集結的力量，是難以想像的。

蘇貞昌也藉此強調，台灣現在所享受的民主自由是非常可貴的，蘇貞昌憶起某天他帶狗散步，遇到中國觀光客，看到他熱情的要和他合影，最後要離開時，卻遲遲不敢開口說一句祝福蘇貞昌的話，這就是獨裁國家人民，被監控、被壓迫的恐懼與限制，因此，台灣也從過去獨裁政府到現在人民完全享受到自由的美好，是過去所付出的努力，更應該好好珍惜。

蘇貞昌也提到人們應與大自然和平共處，就像他前天去參訪朱銘美術館時，看到藝術家朱銘的雕塑新作「立方體」系列，以科學角度出發，人文關懷作反思，提醒大家，立方體是不存在自然界的形狀，人類創造出各種隨處可見立方體，但最終卻被立方體框住，並進而影響思想行為，危害人類生存。蘇貞昌呼籲，我們應該讓大自然永續發展，讓世世代代都能享用大自然的資源。

而互相幫忙，是很重要的。蘇貞昌表示，台灣現在於世界上算是滿強的國家，而當初台灣貧乏的年代，也是透過美國的幫忙，漸漸繁榮、富裕起來，因此我們現在也應該要幫助其他貧窮國家站起來。蘇貞昌進一步指出，日本在全世界捐助給他國的，排名世界第五，這就是大國的責任。但台灣也可以做，但不做凱子外交，要做可以實質幫助人民的事。例如過去民進黨執政時期，於2003年派出醫療團隊，解決聖多美普林西比民主共和國瘧疾的問題、台灣農耕隊教導農業技術、替代役連加恩醫師到布吉納法索防治愛滋病，發展教育，以及保護環境等等，蘇貞昌強調，國與國互相幫忙，是很重要的。

最後，在三十分鐘問與答階段裡，學生問到蘇貞昌對於世界末日傳言的看法，蘇貞昌則說，世界末日預言很多，有些不能操之在己的事，就不要杞人憂天，每天還是要好好過，與其怕世界末日會來，倒不如做一些對地球有意義的事，做一些可以讓這個世界永續發展的事。