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《河流之聲：電子音樂創作中，無境流動的神話》
聲音藝術的朋友，明天下午（7/3 週六 13:30) 這場南華大學的線上演講應是非常有意思（需報名）。
我在漢堡第一次聆聽Yiorgis Sakellariou這位作曲家的作品，非常非常細緻深沉！他的作品在bandcamp (https://mecha-orga.bandcamp.com/) 可以聽到，他這次參加了南華大學的研討會，雖是線上，但我聽過他的線上演說，亦是相當精彩有內涵。
報名：
https://sites.google.com/view/nhumusicconference/%E8%A9%B3%E7%B4%B0%E8%AD%B0%E7%A8%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E8%80%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%A8-detailed-timetable-and-sign-up-for-auditors?authuser=0&fbclid=IwAR0EkcVxuiXe612j7ac9IFHU-6BFwrEPy6ENauv2p3W9QeEClFEDXHSnb-c
📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國🇺🇸
📰 Surging Covid-19 Cases in U.S., Other Countries Could Speed Up Vaccine Studies
美國和其他國家激增的2019冠狀病毒疾病個案可能會加速疫苗研究
Subtitle: Pivotal studies depend on subjects being exposed, which is likely to happen faster in places where the virus is spreading rapidly
📌 文章的標題和副標題已概括文章的内容。這篇文章是關於2019冠狀病毒個案和相關疫苗研究，急升的(surging)個案可能會加快(speed up)相關研究。
🖋 subject 在這裡的意思不是「主題」，而是「研究的對象或參與者」。
Surging coronavirus cases in the U.S. and abroad may speed up the race to prove whether experimental vaccines work.
📌 這一段改編敘述 (paraphrase) 標題的重點。
🖋 experimental是來自experiment (實驗) 的形容詞。work 在這裡則是「奏效」的意思。
To demonstrate if a vaccine works, a certain number of study subjects must be exposed to the target virus so researchers can see if significantly fewer vaccinated subjects become sick compared with those who didn’t get the shots.
📌 銜接上一段，說明在什麼情況下，疫苗是奏效的：接種疫苗人士患病率是否遠遠低於沒有接種疫苗人士。
When an outbreak wanes, it can take longer to tell if a vaccine is working. But the recent higher transmission rate for Covid-19 could shave weeks or even months off the timetable for getting final study results to mid- or late-fall, according to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
📌 這一段進一步解釋，最近2019冠狀病毒個案較高的傳播率(transmission rate) 可以縮短研究的時間，可能幾個星期甚至幾個月(shave weeks or even months off the timetable)。
“No one wants to see people get infected and suffer and even die,” Dr. Fauci said in an interview. “But in fact, if that is occurring, we could get a vaccine answer to efficacy and safety much more quickly if we’re doing it in a situation where there are a lot of infections.”
More than 20 coronavirus vaccines are in human testing, according to the World Health Organization. So far, small, early studies of most advanced vaccines found they were generally safe and triggered immune responses but weren’t designed to prove whether they actually protected people.
📌 這段引述一位專家的意見，儘管我們不願意看到很多的感染個案(infections)，事實上，只有在這種情況下，才可以更快找到一種符合功效(efficacy)及安全(safety)的疫苗。根據世界衛生組織 (the World Health Organization)，有超過20種疫苗正在人體測試。
A series of large, final-stage trials are getting under way that, for the first time, will decisively test whether coronavirus vaccines prevent or reduce risk of Covid-19, including 30,000-person studies for vaccines from Moderna Inc. and from Pfizer Inc. and its partner, BioNTech SE, slated to start by the end of July.
📌 這一段是關於一系列大型的 (large) 最後階段(final-stage) 試驗(trial)。這些試驗果斷地(decisively)測試有關疫苗是否能防止(prevent)或減低 (reduce) 2019冠狀病毒之風險 (risk)。
The new studies will be “event-driven,” which means researchers expect to learn whether the vaccines are working once a certain number of study subjects come down with Covid-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus.
📌 這一段補充說明，研究員期望從這些參與測試的冠狀病毒患者，能得知疫苗是否奏效。
未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/E7k7Ya
📰 作者
Joseph Walker
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W
💁🏻♂️ 每日多了解一些國際時事，豐富您的世界觀，邊看新聞邊學英語，語言能力更上一層樓！
👇🏻底下點👍 + 留言 + 分享👇🏻
#拓展國際視野來抽世界明信片
🎊上則貼文中獎名單
📮 Rose Chu
📮 Wei Jean
📮 陳柔蓁
(請私訊您的真實姓名 + 電話+地址，之前得過明信片的學員請告知國家，避免重複)
(集滿十張明信片，英語學習書籍送給您！有三位粉絲已達標囉！)
🎁 領獎期限: 08/04 20:00
【每日國際選讀】
#文末挑戰多益選擇題📝
全球疫情方興未艾
各家製藥廠力求推出救命丹！
開啟「接收通知」和「搶先看」每天吸收雙語時事新知
來讀華爾街日報獨家
⏳Coronavirus Vaccine Front-Runners Emerge, Rollouts Weighed
新冠疫苗領航員浮現，藥廠與政府如何規劃生產分配？
-front-runner 領先者、領跑者
-emerge 出現、浮出水面，同 come out
-roll out 當動詞時有「開展、啟動、推出」的意思，此處作為名詞 rollout，指「生產分配（計畫）」
💉 Governments and drugmakers are weighing how to roll out coronavirus vaccines, including reserving the first batches for health-care workers, as several shots race to early leads.
在新冠疫苗競賽湧現出若干潛在領航員之際，一些政府部門和製藥商正謀劃如何推出新冠疫苗，包括為醫護人員預留第一批疫苗。
-weigh 字面意思為「秤重」，衍生為「謀劃、權衡、斟酌」的意思
✍️常見用法：weigh in on sth 提出對（某事）的看法
-batch 一批
-leads 領先者、領跑者
✍️常見用法： in the lead 指「處於領先地位」；在商業語境中 lead 還有「機遇、機會、潛在客戶」的意思
🧪 A safe and effective vaccine is the best way to prevent Covid-19, the respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus, and to curb its transmission, public-health officials say. Drugmakers say they are developing potential coronavirus vaccines at remarkably fast speeds.
Yet there isn’t a guarantee that any of the most advanced vaccine candidates will prove to work safely on such a short timetable. Some, like vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna, are based on relatively new technologies that haven’t been approved previously.
公共衛生官員稱，安全有效的疫苗是預防新冠肺炎以及遏制新冠疫情擴散的最佳手段。新冠肺炎是新冠病毒引起的呼吸道疾病。製藥商表示正以驚人速度開發疫苗。然而，在這麼短的周期內，任何一種最先進的候選疫苗都不能保證可以證明是安全的。與輝瑞（Pfizer）和Moderna的疫苗相同，有些疫苗是採用之前未被批準的、相對比較新的技術所研發而成。
-curb 遏制、抑制，同 limit, restrict
✍️常見用法: put a curb on sth 限制、約束某事
-guarantee 保證、擔保
-timetable 計畫週期、時間表
🎖Several drugmakers that have been building up their capabilities to make coronavirus vaccines, have promised to make hundreds of millions of doses this year. Yet a fuller supply to vaccinate the general population might not become available until well into 2021, according to company projections and estimates by vaccine experts. Public-health officials and vaccine experts hope more than one vaccine will cross the finish line, to boost the total number of doses available.
幾家已經在提升新冠疫苗生產能力的製藥企業承諾，今年生產的疫苗劑量將以百萬支來計算。但根據藥廠和疫苗專家的估測，可能要到2021年才能為一般民眾提供更充足的疫苗供應。公共衛生部門的官員和疫苗專家希望，可以同時有多種疫苗獲得批准，這樣就能增加可使用的疫苗總劑量。
-build up 提升、構築
-capacity 生產能力
-full supply 充分供給
-cross the finish line 字面意思是「通過終點線」，在此表示「（疫苗）獲得批准」
未完待續...
新獲批准的疫苗該如何分配，
哪些群體應當優先接種？
加入文末每日國際選讀計畫，解鎖完整語音導讀版
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原文連結請看留言
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❓❓多益模擬題❓:
Johnson & Johnson expects to have some batches of its vaccine ready ___ early 2021, which Chief Scientific Officer Paul Stoffels said should be _______ to vaccinate health-care workers globally. The company expects to eventually make more than a billion doses.
嬌生公司預計在2021年初之前可望生產數批疫苗。該公司首席科學總監史多福（Paul Stoffels）表示，這些疫苗應該足夠全球醫護工作者接種。該公司預計最終將生產超過10億支疫苗。
🙋🏻♀️🙋🏼♀️
A. on / efficient
B. by / sufficient
C. in / effective
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