關於 national food of india ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

<3 Carpe Diem- Food, Lifestyle & Travel Page <3

KL Hop-On Hop-Off City Tour is adopting free and easy concept where it covers 23 stops over 70 attractions with bus running in interval of 20 to 30 minutes subject to traffic conditions. Buses are operating 365 days from 9am to 8pm with last pick-up stops by 7pm.

Among the pit-stops including MATIC, Menara Kuala Lumpur (KL Tower Official), P.Ramlee, Aquaria KLCC, Karyaneka, Bukit Bintang, Tengkat Tong Shin (temporarily unavailable), Chinatown, Central Market, @Little India, KL Sentral, National Museum, National Palace, Lake Gardens, Kuala Lumpur, KL Bird Park, National Mosque, Dataran Merdeka,Kuala Lumpur, Medan Mara, Putra World Trade Centre, Titiwangsa, Palace of Culture, Citibank Malaysia and Suria KLCC.

Ticket purchasing is very convenient as it can be done via online ticketing, travel agents, hotels and concierge, KL HOHO counters or even in the bus on the spot itself.

More info here: http://bit.ly/KLHopOnHopOffTour

[RESPON KEPADA ‘BETTER BEER FESTIVAL’: Dari Perspektif Agama Di Malaysia]

Sebelum ini kami sudah mengulas mengenai isu arak di dalam pandangan agama-agama dunia, dan kami berpandangan mengikut konteks Malaysia isu arak tidak relevan jika ia diurus di dalam skop kebebasan beragama. Ini kerana majoriti penganut agama di Malaysia adalah Muslim, Buddhis, Hindu, Kristian, dan Sikh yang mana adalah jelas di dalam kitab ajaran agama ini semua mengharamkan arak.

Di Malaysia masyarakat cina bukan Islam adalah golongan yang mendominasi di dalam mengkonsumsi arak. Tidak hairan kerana minuman ini juga dilihat mula berkembang di China. Merujuk jurnal National Geographic: The Birth of Booze, bukti penciptaan arak terawal ditemui di Jiahu, China. Antara bahan yang digunakan adalah jagung, barli, beras, gandum, anggur, tebu dan lain-lain lagi. Ketika itu China masih mengamalkan kepercayaan shamanisme dan agama tradisi nenek moyang. Ia berlaku jauh sebelum lahirnya agama Buddha di India, dan agama Taoisme serta Konfusianisme di China.[1]

Larangan Arak Dalam Agama Buddha

Di dalam Pancasila (lima sila) ajaran Buddha, sila terakhir menyatakan perlu menghindari minuman yang memabukkan. Sebutan di dalam bahasa Pali

“Suramerayamajja pamadatthana veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami” yang bermaksud menahan diri daripada meminum minuman memabukkan. Dan dari ayat ini terdapat banyak pandangan dari kalangan ilmuan Buddha dalam menghurai larangan ini. [2]

Malah ilmuan Buddhis sendiri seperti Master Hsing Yun dalam bukunya The Five Precepts menyatakan sekiranya seseorang itu mengambil sedikit sahaja minuman keras tetap juga dilarang. Begitu juga dengan ilmuan yang lain:

“The Vibhanga states that even as little as a drop the size of a dewdrop on the tip of a balde of grass is enough to constitute a violation. So, having even small glass of wine, even if it does not make one drunk, is a transgression.”[3]

“It it known that intoxicants even in small amounts can make one less sensitive, heedless and easily swayed by the defilements. As one starts to enjoy getting high on intoxicants, the effect becomes addictive and usage increases.”[4]

Larangan Arak Dalam Agama Kristian

Di dalam Perjanjian Lama terdapat banyak ayat mengenai larangan meminum arak:

a) Imamat 10:9,
b) Bilangan 6:3,
c) Ulangan 29:6,
d) Hakim-Hakim 13: 4,
e) 1 Samuel 1: 15,
f) Amsal 20: 1, 31: 4-6,
g) Yesaya 5: 11, 22: 24: 9, 28: 9,
h) Mikha 2: 11

Manakala larangan-larangan dalam perjanjian baru dalam Injil Lukas 1: 15 dan Efesus 5: 18.

Larangan Arak Dalam Agama Hindu

Ayat yang melarang meminum arak dalam kitab suci Hindu:

a) Rigveda buku 8 hymn 2 ayat 12 ,
b) Rigveda Buku 8 hymn 21 ayat 14,
c) Athravaveda 6: 70: 1,
d) kitab Manusmriti 7: 47-50,
e) Manusmriti: 11: 55,
f) Manusmriti 11: 91.
g) Malah di dalam Kitab Manusmriti juga melarang menjual arak dalam Manusmriti 9: 225.

Di dalam Hindu dibezakan diantara minuman Soma dan juga Sura. Soma ialah minuman yang digunakan untuk ritual keagamaan (zaman Vedik) dan dikatakan ia sejenis minuman memabukkan yang banyak kali disebut di dalam Veda (Rig Veda:1:116:7, 8:2:12, 10:131:4-5) tetapi resepi air ini sudah pupus dan tidak dapat dibuat sekarang. Ada yang mengatakan ia dibuat dari susu dan ada dikatakan ia dibuat dari sebuah pohon yang menjalar di gunung.[5]

Manakala Sura pula adalah minuman beralkohol sepertimana arak-arak yang sedia ada pada hari ini.[6] Menurut Madhavi Bhaskar Kokhatkar di dalam jurnalnya Review: Surā, The Liquor And The Vedic Sacrifice mengatakan minuman Sura atau arak ini dilarang di dalam agama Hindu.[7]

Walaupun Veda membenarkan meminum Soma, pada masa yang sama ia juga melarang meminum minuman yang beralkohol (Sura):

“Minda yang lemah orang yang mengambil daging, minuman keras, dadu di papan judi, lelaki yang ghairah (ni-han) pada seorang perempuan- begitu juga biarkan pikiranmu, wahai yang tak terhindar (aghnya) kuatkanlah anakmu.” (Athravaveda: 6: 70: 1)

Ini menunjukkan bahawa meminum minuman keras adalah dilarang malah di dalam kitab Manusmriti terdapat banyak larangan mengenai larangan meminum Sura:

“Killing a Brahmana, drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, stealing (the gold of a Brahmana), adultery with a Guru's wife, and associating with such (fenders), they declare (to be) mortal sins (mahapataka).” (Manusmriti: 11: 55)

“A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sura shall drink that liquor boiling hot; when his body has been completely scalded by that, he is freed from his guilt.” (Manusmriti 11: 91)

Malah tidak menjadi isu apabila ketua Menteri negeri Bihar, Nitish Kumar mengharamkan arak di negeri majoriti Hindu itu pada awal April 2016.

Larangan Arak Dalam Agama Sikh

Dalam kitab agama Sikh Guru Granth Sahib Ji himpunan Guru Gobing Singh terdapat larangan meminum arak menurunkan kecerdasan dan merosakkan fikiran:

ਜਿਤੁ ਪੀਤੈ ਮਤਿ ਦੂਰਿ ਹੋਇ ਬਰਲੁ ਪਵੈ ਵਿਚਿ ਆਇ ॥

“Drinking the wine, his intelligence departs, and madness enters his mind” (Sri Guru Granth Sahib: hlm 554)

Di dalam agama Sikh juga terdapat 5 larangan asas antaranya:

1) Tidak boleh potong rambut
2) Tidak boleh berkelakuan buruk
3) Tidak boleh merokok
4) Tidak boleh memakan daging yang disembelih
5) Tidak boleh minum arak

Larangan Arak Dalam Agama Islam

Di dalam Islam, jika mahu dibandingkan bilangan dalil larangan minuman keras berbanding agama lain, tidaklah sebanyak terdapat di dalam Bible dan juga kitab-kitab Hindu. Akan tetapi oleh disebabkan muslim itu bermaksud seseorang yang tunduk patuh kepada arahan Allah maka kuantiti bilangan larangan itu bukan perkara utama kerana apa yang utama adalah mereka mengikut segala aturan yang disebutkan di dalam kitab suci. Sebab itu dilihat orang Islam lebih sensetif terhadap larangan ini. Di dalam al Quran terdapat beberapa ayat yang menyebut mengenai larangan arak:

a) Surah al-Ma’idah: 90,
b) b) Surah Al-Baqarah: 219,
c) c) Surah an-Nahl: 97

Amalan Agama Menggunakan Arak

Adapun sebahagian agama animisme dan agama penyembah roh, kebiasaannya mereka akan menggunakan arak sebagai ritual keagamaan mereka. Hal ini boleh dilihat sebahagian besar Cult di Afrika dan masyarakat Afrika Amerika yang menggunakan arak di dalam amalan mereka seperti ajaran Candomble, Kumina, Voodoo, Umbanda, Quimbanda, Santeria dan lain-lain.

Disamping itu juga, terdapat juga ajaran Kristian khususnya yang turut menggunakan arak di dalam ritual mereka. Sebab itu apabila dilihat sebahagian Kristian seperti Black Christ turut menggunakan arak disebabkan sinkretisme amalan masyarakat (animisme) mereka dengan ajaran Kristian yang disampaikan oleh pendakyah Kristian sehingga wujudnya pengambilan arak di dalam agama. Akan tetapi di Malaysia, perkara ini tidak ada dan tidak berlaku. Maka ia tidak boleh menjadi hujah kepada ia adalah anjuran ritual agama.

Kesimpulan

Jika dibandingkan antara kebaikan dan keburukkan dari kesan meminum arak nescaya senarai keburukkannya terlalu banyak untuk disenaraikan. Malah dengan pengambilan arak juga manusia boleh terjebak dengan jenayah yang lain-lain kerana akal mereka sudah tidak stabil lagi. Sebab itu terdapat akta mengenai kesalahan memandu dengan pengaruh alkohol di seluruh dunia. Malah jika difikir secara logik, sekiranya seorang individu yang mabuk boleh memberi kesan yang mudharat kepada orang awam apatah lagi sekiranya perkara itu dilakukan secara besar-besaran, pasti impak dan kesan dari orang yang mabuk itu memberi kesan yang lebih teruk kepada orang awam.

Demikian itu, isu ini tidak relevan hanya dibincangkan di bawah rangka kebebasan beragama kerana tidak ada agama di Malaysia yang ‘membebaskan’ meminum arak. Kedua, isu ini perlu juga dibincang dibawah kesan dan mudharat yang bakal menimpa dari pesta orang ramai yang mabuk boleh memberi impak yang buruk kepada masyarakat. Ketiga, program sebegini tidak menguntungkan masyarakat dan negara malah membawa kepada kerosakkan moral, fizikal dan juga mental masyarakat.

Oleh itu masyarakat masyarakat muslim, buddhis, kristian, hindu, dan sikh yang benar-benar mengikut ajaran agama perlulah bersatu untuk menjauhi bahana arak yang jelas memberi kesan buruk kepada masyarakat. Nilailah isu ini dari sudut yang luas dan bukan sahaja hanya fikir untuk keseronokkan dan keuntungan penjualan arak sahaja.

Seorang manusia yang waras dan rasional sudah pasti akan menjauhi arak. Sebuah kisah sebagai penutup yang diceritakan oleh ilmuan Buddhis Master Hsing Yun dalam bukunya The Five Precepts:

“There once was a man who wanted to “just have a little drink,” but he did not have a dish of food to go with it. Seeing that his next-door neighbour was raising an old hen that was cackling away, he stole the hen and killed it to make a dish to eat while he drank his liquor. Thus he had broken the precepts against killing and stealing in one fell swoop. When the lady of the house next door came home and asked about her hen, the man told her that he had not seen it, thereby breaking the precept against lying. By now the man was a bit drunk, and seeing how beautiful the woman was, he started flirting with her and touching her in an indecent manner."

"Consequently, he also broke the precept against sexual misconduct. It was because of consuming intoxicants that all five precepts were broken in one stroke.”

Dengan hanya bermula sedikit ia boleh menyebabkan manusia melanggar semua hukum hakam dan ia diumpamakan ibu segala kejahatan. Sesuai dengan sebuah hadis mengatakan: الخمر أم الخبائث “Arak itu ibu segala kejahatan” (Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha no: 1854).

Nota akhir:

[1] Lihat – (February 2017) Journal National Geographic: The Birth Of Booze Our 9000 year Love Affair With Alcohol, vol 231 no 2, hlm 48-49
[2] Lihat Aggacita Bhikkhu (2010). The Importance of Being Morally Virtuous, Sasanarakkha Buddhist Sanctuary, Taiping, hlm 65-71 / Lihat Bikhu Dhammavuddho Mahathera, (2011). Pesanan Buddha, Sangha Foundation, Perak hlm 4 / Lihat – (2014). Buddha & Me: For Biginners, Ti-Ratana Buddhist Society, Kuala Lumpur, hlm 41 / Dr. K. Dhammananda, (2002). What Buddhists Believe, Buddhist Missionary Society Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, hlm 210-211.
[3] Lihat Veberable Fa Xun (2011). One Life Five Precepts, Shi Faxun, hlm 73
[4] Lihat Chan Khoon San (2002). Introductory Course in Buddhism, Selangor Buddhist Association, Kuala Lumpur, hlm 89
[5] Lihat Mark Cartwright (2016). Ancient History Encyclopedia: Soma - http://www.ancient.eu/Soma/
[6] https://beerinindia.wordpress.com/tag/sura/
[7] Madhavi Bhaskar Kokhatkar (1999). Surā, The Liquor And The Vedic Sacrifice, D.K Printworld, India, hlm 140

R&D Team MRM

New Renaissance can reform global nations peacefully and digitally

Your esteemed institution will dominate think tank industry with my 4 plans that surely will attract more donation and create New Renaissance to reform China, North Korea and global nations peacefully and create $30 trillion dollars new revenue annual. 4 plans and the new management science will speed global development with prosperity, peace and health for new civilization.

I would like to introduce new management science and technology before the 4 plans that everyone will have equal opportunity to contribute in community and play a role in decision making with direct democracy in order to regulate perceived disequilibrium in human civilization. New management science of direct democracy will not put cat and fish together that is the only way we can keep financial discipline and transparency. Direct democracy is not campaign in every 4 years. It is new life in ICT century. The new management system can sell itself due to the benefit is huge that will create New Renaissance for peace, health and prosperity.

We are so blessed and so lucky to live in ICT era that systematically reform is a matter of finger tips. Human thought and information can transfer so fast and so massive that can perform direct democracy easily with ICT platform. It can start with housing and facility management industry that global residents in housing communities can perform direct democracy to form a global trend of new politics and new management science. We can create equal opportunity in different agendas with ICT platform that will liberate global productivity and lift efficiency to create new revenue $30 trillion dollars in New Renaissance.

Most communities, cities and nations will enjoy the new infrastructure of cloud conference in ICT platform for new management system that can stop human ordeals in politics, finance, education, ecology and economy. New generation will live in prosperity, peace and health with new management science. China reformed in 1980’s with global synergy platform to lift economy tremendously. New Renaissance with new management science will reform global nations in economy, education, politics, ecology and other different agendas that we can cross barrier of time and space to explore new worlds. If we adopt the new management system of direct democracy, we shall live peacefully in New Renaissance that people will not snipe at police any more.

Your institution can lead global think tanks, communities, governments, and enterprises in New Renaissance. It not only will reform management system but also will increase 40% productivity globally that equal to lift $30 trillion dollars revenue annual plus to save resources wasted in mismanagement. Direct democracy is green management for global sustainable development.

ICT sponsors will donate $30 million dollars to the institution annual that can promote New Renaissance and create $3 trillion dollars revenue annual for ICT industry. ICT can fabricate new platform of cloud conference for direct democracy that can apply in housing and facility management industry globally before it can lift to city level, national level and UN level eventually.

A housing community is a small nation. Nation will change when communities change. Residents in housing communities will enjoy surfing new management system to solve unrest and create pleasant environment. New Renaissance will start in housing communities and lift to higher levels accordingly. It will be a project that sells itself and build 200 ICT platforms globally. Each platform will be at the size of Facebook.

Since we can trade stocks directly in NASDAQ, why can’t we use civil power directly in cloud government and cloud conference? Initially we can operate both cloud conference and reality conference synchronously like Dow Jones operating both cloud trading and floor trading. NASDAQ has never operated floor trading since establishment. Literally politics is like the stock exchange. We can trade without brokers in stock exchange as well as in politics.

Everyone has access to information that information can spread massively and quickly without limit of time and space. Global development is the task of how to apply with synergy ICT platform for human activities especially for the public affairs that can lift efficiency, productivity and revenue with new management system to achieve prosperity, peace and health globally.

I am glad to learn we pursue the same goal and we might choose the same approach when we find polluted air in China and India can spread to Japan, America and Europe at the speed of hundreds miles per hour along jet stream in 6 miles height. Particles in polluted air can damage human health as well as catalyze extreme weather globally. We can benefit or hurt consequently with all events happening on the Earth.

What if African will pollute air and water seriously like China and India have done? How soon the Earth will become uninhabitable? Our knowledge and experience convince us the global is a holistic life body. Development should prevent from damaging the holistic life body. We had to protect the holistic life body by all means with new ethics and new code of conduct for sustainable development. The best way to achieve the goal is to operate new management system on ICT platform globally that all people can contribute and play a role in decision making. Everyone can watch, report and maintain the health of the holistic life body in every corner of the Earth without limit of time and space.

New management system and ICT platforms rely on consistent electric power supply. We need to develop green energy as electric power industry is major factor of pollution and global warming. Most energy in nuclear power plant has been applied to heat up sea water and vaporize into the sky that can rise up temperature seriously. Green energy and green management undoubtedly are strong pillars to support sustainable development for the holistic life body.

With continuous high growth rate, Africa has become new engine to pull global economy. Walmart is landing in Lagos. Major manufacturing facilities moved to Africa like Japan Panasonic. Chinese companies have operated in Nigeria since 1980’s. I met chiefs of CCECC in 1982 when they started water bore hole contracts in Lagos and looked for railroads contracts.

Plan 1 is to construct river flow power plants combining irrigation canals in Nigeria with water flushing out of existing hydro generators to rotate river mills for additional 30,000 MW that equals to 20 nuclear power plants. It can irrigate farms for 30 million tons rice annual to improve food shortage and inconsistent power supply not mentioning to create huge employment. Plan 1 is a project of one stone for many birds.

A river generator can be installed in every 7 meters along irrigation canal with minimum water flow at 5 tons per second. 1 KM canal with slight slope at 0.3% can install 140 units of river flow generators at 15 KVA through 150 KVA each depending on water flow. 1 KM canal can equip 2 MW through 20 MW that 1,000 KM canal can install 2,000 MW through 20,000 MW.

In 1920’s Japanese engineer Yoichi Hatta built Wusanto Reservoir in Taiwan with irrigation canal 7,400 Km for rice farm of 145,000 hectares that could reap 3 times annual. Land, water and good weather are available in Nigeria that can develop farms of millions hectares with irrigation canals and river power plants. One hectare farm will produce rice 18 tons for 3 reaps annual.

Plan 1 can change Nigeria and Africa and benefit the global ecologically. USA and China compete in Nigeria and Africa very hard. China promoted railroads construction with loan at $6 billion dollars. IMF offered direct loan to governors at $3.2 billion dollars. I heard GE tried to involve in the railroads construction. Japan plans to invest $30 billion dollars in Africa. Employment, sufficient food and consistent power supply can support Nigeria to lead Africa nations to join the New Renaissance for global peace and sustainable development.

Dangote is an aggressive entrepreneur who might join us for Plan 1. He ranks 25 richest people and is nephew of my friend, Alh. Abdul Dantata. When I was in Nigeria, Abdul gave me his driver Alh. Uba who used to buy ice bars for young Aliko Dangote. Dongote cement can benefit since Plan 1 will need huge cement for river power plants and irrigation canal.

Dangote will donate generously if we can initiate Plan 1 with him and Nigeria president Buhari who is lack of convincing economy policy that a hot pot of food on fire becomes popular target of thieves. Buhari can use Nigerian agric bond to attract investors and complete Plan 1 if he can apply leverage properly. Global donors will support green energy industry in Nigeria if Buhari can show his determination. Good plan, advanced management and talent people will create hope and confidence for a nation and the world.

Plan 1 will attract $1 billion dollars donation and create annual revenue $10 trillion dollars in Africa. The core value of Plan 1 is by all means to prevent Africa from pollution and global warming like China and India. Eventually Plan 1 will attract investors to build river flow power plants with 700,000 MW globally that equal to 400 nuclear power plants. Irrigation canal will boom agric and housing communities synchronously that can develop new cities to attract investors and migrants for new economy in Nigeria and Africa.

European nations will collaborate to construct river power plants with irrigation canal for agric in Africa and in the Middle East to improve economy, ecology and peace. It can reduce refugees flooding into Europe like fleeces. Hopefully it will stop casualty drowned in the Mediterranean Sea.

Big waves attract great surfers. Great surfers can't attract big waves. Good leader can see the trend and keep right direction for delicate surf. I can see 4 trends are going to surge into big waves where we can approach for delicate surfs. New Renaissance will surge with ICT that can promote new platforms for communities, governments and public companies globally. The institution will rank as the 1st think tank in the world if leaders can find new trends of big waves and lead all teams to surf delicately.

Plan 2 is to reform China peacefully with 2 tactics that will turn China into a positive power for regional peace as well as free market for global enterprises. China market is still inaccessible to Facebook, media industry and many other sectors who are looking for tickets to China. They might join us if they learn our plan can benefit them hugely. Apple and Google have been tumbling in China from time to time. Donors from ICT industry and different sectors will donate $3 billion dollars for Plan 2 that will create $10 trillion dollars revenue annual.

Plan 2-1 is to reform China peacefully with platform of cloud conference in housing community management with direct democracy. It will support liberal leadership to emerge in China and open gate wider for global enterprises duly. How can we reform China into democracy when there is only one communist party? No matter one party or no party, residents in housing communities can use cloud conference to perform direct democracy that will create internal climate for liberal leadership.

Plan 2-2 is to mobilize people in global nations to carry out judiciary project in local courts and subvert the apex policy of China i.e. to occupy Taiwan. China has been lying that Taiwan is part of China and there is only one China. Most nations have tolerated Chinese lies for some benefit but lies can’t last forever when global people feel it is enough. Lie can’t never become the truth.

There are extreme groups against China in most nations. They can have suits in courts to win the verdict that Taiwan is not part of China and there are two China in the world. There is nothing wrong to have two China since there are two Congo and two Korea in UN. Nigeria is the only nation considers two China and accept Taiwan to register in the name of the Republic of China in Nigeria. The verdict surely will discredit leadership in Beijing and bring stronger impact than the South China Sea Arbitration has done. It will split leadership in Beijing and support emergence of liberal leadership.

Justice of speech is as important as freedom of speech. It is new trend in ICT century that human can solve global conflicts with judiciary power and public opinions instead of wars. Verdict of Plan 2-2 will become huge external power to shake dictatorship in Beijing that can collaborate with internal pressure from direct democracy in housing communities of Plan 2-1. Plan 2 will catalyze emergence of liberal leadership and lead China to join New Renaissance.

Plan 2 will reform China and North Korea with direct democracy and judiciary power peacefully that will attract $3 billion donation and create $10 trillion dollars revenue annual. Taiwan people can donate $1 billion dollars referring to Taiwan people donated $252 million dollars in 2011 for Japan tsunami.

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★ 5 WEIRD Japanese Food Trends on Social Media: https://youtu.be/ozp9SjNJa0c
★ 10 Things You Didn’t Know About NATTO: https://youtu.be/Hyuyk7GJgd8
★ 10 Things You Didn't Know About RAMUNE: https://youtu.be/4boZ1op4Zrs
★ 10 Things You Didn't Know About RAMEN: https://youtu.be/p4TEixig6Vw

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7 POPULAR JAPANESE DISHES THAT ARE NOT ACTUALLY JAPANESE

We've done 3 videos already on natto, a very traditional Japanese dish with no foreign influences. We decided to switch it up this time and make a video on Japanese dishes that a lot of people may think is traditional but is actually of foreign origins.

Most of these dishes came from the Meiji Peroid, shortly after Japan's national seclusion from the rest of the world.

1. Tempura
- tempura batter lighter, airier, crispier than other batters
- Portuguese merchants & missionaries before 17th century introduced the prototype for this cooking method
- Tempura came from the word latin word Tempora
- Over time, batter adjusted to maximise the Japanese seafood freshness. It got lighter and less fritter like.
- Some think the Indian pakora was picked up by the Portuguese and then to the Japanese which evolved into tempura.

2. Japanese Curry Rice
- Iconically Japanese, family dish mum would make often
- Less spicy, more sweet & more thick than other curries
- Meiji Period
- Introduced by British sailors and merchants, and they got it from India
- Adjusted to Japanese palettes over time
- Curry thickness comes from the French roux
- Essentially Japanese curry is an Indian dish introduced by the British Empire and adapted using French techniques!

3. Tonkatsu
- Breaded deep fried pork cutlet using Japanese panko breadcrumbs
- Sauce is like a thickened Worcestershire sauce
- Meiji Period
- Rengatei, a Tokyo restaurant in 1899, though to have created Tonkatsu
- Influences from Austria's Wiener or Viennese Schnitzel and Italy's Cotoletta alla milanese (Milan)

4. Hayashi Rice
- Similar to Japanese curry
- Beef, onions, button mushrooms & demi-glace sauce
- Meiji Period
- Origins from western beef stews eg. Beef Stroganoff, Beef Bourguignon

5. Ramen
- From China
- Chinese traders in late 19th century introduced Lamien
- Lamien became Ramen
Our 10 Things You Didn't Know About RAMEN video: https://youtu.be/x7N-zD0n4Hc

6. Hambagu Steak
- Japanese mince patty
- Demi-glace sauce
- Meiji Period
- German roots: Hambagu Steak similar to Hamburg Steak
- Also similar to American Salisbury Steak

7. Omurice
- Japanese omelet with Japanese fried rice and ketchup / tomato sauce on top
- Similar roots to Tonkatsu, in fact exact same restaurant Rengatei
- Inspired from French omelet
- Also inspired by the Japanese Chakin-Zushi
- The creator combined these 2 ideas

Which of these popular Japanese dishes did you already know the foreign history of?

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