【本日單字:dining guide & travel guide】part 11
隔天一早您起床後,又開始思考,能夠到什麼地方去玩呢?
飯店房裡的 travel guide ,也能給您更多當地旅遊景點的資訊喔!先規劃好路線,才能玩得更盡興,又安全!同樣的, travel guide 也是我們本日介紹的另一個新字,意思則為「旅遊指南」!
那麼各位現在是不是已經充分地理解,guide 在生活中是處處可見的了呢?不過回歸今日的主題,我們還是要再次向各位強調,dining guide ,當「吃飯」加上「指南」,就成了「飲食指南」。travel guide ,而「旅遊」碰到「指南」,當然也就是「旅遊指南」囉。是不是很一目了然呢?
最重要的部分來了:請跟老師練習 dining guide ,還有 travel guide 的英文發音及用法吧!和前幾天不同的是,這次的新字,並沒有中文的諧音字可以模仿,因此請多加練習,才能說的流利。
關於 dining guide 這個字,我們也一樣可以用右列的中文字來發音: 「呆寧-蓋德」英文的對照: dining-guide
相信對有在持續鎖定我們單元的朋友來說,這樣的唸法只是「一片蛋糕」, a piece of cake !而且還能告訴老師,另一個新字 travel guide ,也一定是「某某」加上「蓋德」對吧?
的確如此,我們請看下方的中文字發音組合吧!我們對於 travel guide 的唸法會近似於右方的中文字喔:「崔佛-蓋德」
英文的對照: travel-guide
至於要如何運用 dining guide 及 travel guide 在生活會話中呢?請看我們的舉隅:
Rick: Hey, I'm going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow! It's my first time traveling to China!
Avon: Oh. Then you need to take a travel guide with you. For your reference, I mean.
Rick: I see. And should I buy a dining guide to Shanghai, too?
Avon: Not really necessary. But you'd better bring enough money. None of the restaurants is cheap.
力克:嘿,我明天要飛去上海耶!這還是我頭一次到中國呢。
雅芳:噢。那你需要隨身帶一本「旅遊指南」。我覺得可以當作參考啦。
力克:我明白了。那我也需要買一本上海「飲食指南」嗎?
雅芳:不是必須啦。但你最好要帶夠錢。沒有一家餐廳是便宜的。
雖然說「飲食指南」與「旅遊指南」,可以在許許多多的網誌上找到,但更多的則是「食記」與「遊記」。或許各位會想說「奇怪,老師昨天不是說今天要介紹食記和遊記的英文嗎?」「怎麼沒看到?老師騙人嗎?」「快點『教』出來!(敲碗)」
嗯,其實今天所介紹的 dining guide 與 travel guide ,也可以算是「食記」和「遊記」的一種。但是在中文與英文的轉換之間,往往都會存有兩種語言的差異。因此如果真要找一個完全百分之百等同於中文「食記」或「遊記」的詞,在美語裡面還真是找不到呢。
請大家繼續邊學習今日的新字外,再繼續期待,我們下次所要介紹關於「食記」與「遊記」的另一種說法喔!
New Word of the Day ,祝大家學的多,記的快!
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not necessary 用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
[詞彙區別] constitute, compose, consist of, comprise, account for, make up 的區別
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詞彙區別: http://wp.me/p44l9b-16B
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在寫作的時候,有些同學為了避免重複使用相同的詞彙,卻選用了意義上不盡相同的詞,而無法精確地表達出自己所想傳達的想法。這問題很可能來自於考生平時在語言學習上過於依賴中英翻譯,因此在不夠了解某些詞彙精準的用法的情況下,很容易造成讀者的誤解。
為了幫助同學增加詞彙量並且精確地在口說和寫作上使用這些字,我建議同學們不要一開始的時候就死記硬背一群同義詞彙 (e.g. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, reduce, alleviate) 。雖然如此做會快速幫同學累積對這些詞的認知,可是認知都會停留在模糊階段。建議同學先熟悉其中一兩個單詞以後在開始累積相關的同義詞彙,也應該用搭配詞跟片語加上完整的例句和短文來輔助自己對單詞的理解。同時同學們也應該在使用這些單詞之前先查查字典,更進一步了解這些詞彙的使用方式。
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1. constitute: to constitute something is to form a whole, especially of dissimilar components: Love and hate can constitute a balanced relationship.
constitute 所“構成”的事物在屬性和特徵上,亦或在組織上,與組成成分是一致的。
-Seven days constitutes a week (七天構成一個星期。).
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2. Compose: to compose means the same as to constitute, but implies that the components have something in common: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
在表示“由……材料構成”時,見於被動語態;在用於主動語態時,一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一,而且主語或者是複數名詞或者是集體名詞。
-Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。 )
-Mere facts, when badly stated, do not compose a good book. (僅僅有資料,如果陳述得很糟糕,並不能組成一本好書)
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3. account for: 說明(原因、理由等); 導致,引起; (在數量、比例上); 占 (e.g. This group accounted for 60% of the population.)
(在數量、比例上)占
These products, in total, account for about 80% of all our sales (這些產品總共約占我們全部銷售額的80%。).
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4. make up: 組成 to combine together to form something [= constitute]:
-Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population. 女人只佔監獄人口的一小部分。
-The committee is made up of representatives from every state (委員會由每個州的代表組成的。).
-Children makes up only 10% of the population (兒童只佔人口的10%。).
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5. consist of: to consist of something is to be made up of it: A lethal dose of nerve agent VX consists of only 10 milligrams.
consist of 的含義與被動語態的 compose 相同
-Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. (雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成,但效果很好。)
-This group consists of men, women, and children.
(這個小組由男人,女人和孩子們組成的。).
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6. comprise: to comprise something has the same meaning as to consist, often implying that the whole is regarded from the point of view of its individual parts: The chain is comprised of many links, and is only as strong as its weakest.
comprise 在表示“構成”時,其內涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”*
-The committee comprises men of widely different views (這個委員會由見解甚為懸殊的人組成。).
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從這些動詞的意思來看,若要表示數個個體或項目組成一個整體時,我們可用 compose 或 constitute。
England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland compose/constitute the United Kingdom.
(英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成了聯合王國。)
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若要表示一個整體是由個數個體或項目所組成時,我們可用 comprise* 或 consist of / be composed of 。
(compose 經常用於被動態,而以 be composed of 的型式出現,意思和用法跟 consist of 完全一樣。)
-The United Kingdom comprises*/consists of/is composed of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
(聯合王國是由英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭所構成)
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詳細的說明: http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
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*在這幾個字當中,僅 comprise 兼具其他字的意思,但它也是最麻煩、最讓人困擾的字。英語 評論人士強烈反對 comprise 被用作 constitute 的意思以及 comprise 以被動態形式 be comprised of 來表示 consist of 的意思,所以對於 Fifty states comprise the United States. (五十個州組成了美國) 和 The United States is comprised of fifty states. (美國是由五十個州所組成) 這樣的句子結構,他們期期以為不可,而堅持只有 The United States comprises fifty states. 才是唯一正確的用法。但他們反對的這兩種用法其實早已是不 折不扣的標準英語,一些新版的字典甚至將 be comprised of 堂而皇之地列為片語,如 The course is comprised of ten core modules. (這門課是由 10 個核心單元組成)。然而,在公說公有理,婆說婆有理,各有堅持的情況下,在此建議:若使用 comprise 會讓你覺得心虛或沒把握,那麼不妨使用它的同義詞,也就是沒有爭議的 constitute, consist of 或 be composed of 來代替之。
*An interesting history of sense development concerning the word comprise has caused confusion, if not hate for the word itself. The most common mistake is confusing consist and comprise with each other. To say A lethal dose of nerve agent VX comprises of only 10 milligrams, is wrong because it is not analyzed from each separate component or milligram, but rather as a whole dose. In fact, there is a lot of skepticism and criticism of the word “comprise” all together. “None of the many neat schemes purporting to describe its correct use seems accurately to describe the way Standard English users actually employ comprise.” (Bartleby) Thus it is suggested to use constitute and/or compose as active verbs, while consists and/or includes as passive. However, if your use of the word can clearly indicate its context, separate from the its other accepted use, choosing a substitute is not necessary.
Also, ”Comprises” is "better" grammar than ”is comprised of.” “The whole comprises multiple parts” is better than, “The whole is comprised of multiple parts.” Even better though is, “Multiple parts comprise the whole."
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Sources:
http://www.bartleby.com/68/3/1403.html
http://bulo.hjenglish.com/question/33021/
http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2590
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/english/data/d0081813.html
http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
http://everything2.com/title/consist%252C+comprise%252C+constitute%252C+or+compose
More sentences:
-The pie chart consists of/comprises of the percentages of four different fuel sources used in electricity production.
-Electricity (that is) produced with coal composed/constituted/accounted for 50% of the total electricity (that is)produced.
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contain vs. include:
Contain: Something is considered to be within something else.
The toy contains many small moving parts. ->The small moving parts are a part of the toy.
Include: Something is added to something else, possibly containing it, possibly not.
-This toy includes batteries. -> The batteries are not a part of the toy. They just come with the toy.
not necessary 用法 在 織田信姫 Youtube 的最佳貼文
今回は織田信姫というVTuberの知られざる活用法を伝授します。
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