TỪ VỰNG IELTS ANIMAL TESTING (Kèm ý tưởng)
PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
▪animal testing ≈ animal experimentation: thí nghiệm trên động vật
▪the breeding of genetically modified animals: việc nhân giống động vật biến đổi gen
▪non-animal alternative methods: các phương pháp thay thế phi động vật
▪to undergo safety testing involving animals: trải qua thử nghiệm an toàn sử dụng động vật
▪to replace tests with alternative techniques: thay thế các xét nghiệm bằng các kỹ thuật thay thế
▪to introduce human material into animals: đưa các tế bào/ mô… của con người vào động vật
▪to put human breast tumour cells into mice: đưa tế bào khối u ở người vào chuột
▪to allow researchers to test cancer drugs on human tissue: cho phép các nhà nghiên cứu thử nghiệm thuốc ung thư trên mô người
▪experiment on cell structures instead of whole animals: thí nghiệm trên cấu trúc tế bào thay vì trên toàn bộ cơ thể động vật
▪to use computer models: sử dụng mô hình máy tính
▪study human volunteers: nghiên cứu tình nguyện viên là con người
▪to use epidemiological studies: sử dụng nghiên cứu dịch tễ học
ARGUMENTS FOR ANIMAL TESTING
▪to contribute greatly to scientific advances: đóng góp lớn cho những tiến bộ khoa học
▪to be used to test drugs before they are given to humans: được sử dụng để kiểm tra thuốc trước khi được sử dụng trên đối tượng người
▪to study the effects of genetic diseases: nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các bệnh di truyền
▪to find out how genes work: tìm hiểu cách thức hoạt động của gen
▪to explore how organisms function: khám phá cách thức hoạt động của các bộ phận
▪to investigate treatments for human diseases: nghiên cứu các phương pháp điều trị bệnh ở người
▪to be essential in the quest to understand human diseases and ▪to develop new treatments: trở nên thiết yếu trong nỗ lực tìm hiểu các căn bệnh ở người và phát triển các phương pháp điều trị mới
▪advances in the understanding of genetics → animals can be bred with specific genetic traits → allow researchers to explore a range of conditions (cancer, heart disease, stroke, dementia): những tiến bộ trong sự hiểu biết về di truyền → động vật có thể được nhân giống với những đặc điểm di truyền cụ thể → cho phép các nhà nghiên cứu khám phá một loạt các tình trạng bệnh lý (ung thư, bệnh tim, đột quỵ, mất trí nhớ)
▪serious medical or life-saving purposes: những mục đích cứu người và mục đích y tế quan trọng
▪a wealth of medical advances → make with the help of animal research (new vaccines, treatments for cancer, Parkinson’s disease, asthma and HIV): vô số tiến bộ y tế → được thực hiện với sự trợ giúp của nghiên cứu động vật (vắc-xin mới, phương pháp điều trị ung thư, bệnh Parkinson, bệnh hen suyễn và HIV)
ARGUMENTS AGAINST ANIMAL TESTING
▪to cause suffering to animals: gây đau khổ cho động vật
▪cruel, unethical, meaningless/pointless: độc ác, phi đạo đức, vô nghĩa
▪the differences in physiology, genetics and cell structures between animals and humans → invalidate most cures devised by animal experimentation: sự khác biệt về sinh lý, di truyền và cấu trúc tế bào giữa động vật và con người → vô hiệu hóa hầu hết các phương pháp chữa bệnh được tạo ra bởi thí nghiệm trên động vật
▪HIV → deadly to humans but not to most laboratory animals → studying HIV in other species → may not produce results→ applicable to humans: HIV → gây tử vong cho người nhưng không phải với hầu hết các động vật thí nghiệm → nghiên cứu HIV ở các loài khác → có thể không tạo ra kết quả → áp dụng cho người
▪animals do not get many of the human diseases that we do: động vật không mắc nhiều bệnh mà chúng ta đang mắc
▪treatments showing promise in animals → rarely work in humans: phương pháp điều trị hứa hẹn ở động vật → hiếm khi hoạt động trên con người
https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-animal-testing/
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รู้จัก EECi เมืองนวัตกรรมแห่งใหม่ของประเทศไทย / โดย ลงทุนแมน
สหรัฐอเมริกามี ซิลิคอนวัลเลย์ เป็นเมืองเทคโนโลยี
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ทีนี้หลายคนคงถามแล้วเมืองไทย สถานที่นี้อยู่ที่ไหน? ...
Continue ReadingKnow EECi, Thailand's innovative city / by investman
USA has Silicon Valley as a tech city
China has Shenzhen that transforms itself from a photoby approach to a modern innovation land.
Many people may ask now. Where is Thailand?
We must have heard EEC or EC economic development area in the development of 3 provinces in the East, Chonburi, Rayong and Chachoengsao.
Which is one of the Mega projects under Thailand policy 4.0
With a total infrastructure investment of 1.5 trillion baht.
To have both high speed trains, double rail trains, airport and harbor.
To connect travel conveniently and uplift the Thai industry compared to world class.
Which 1 in 3 provinces will exist. One area that is raised to be a city of innovation.
EECi or Eastern Economic Economic Corridor of Innovation is located in Wang Moon Valley, Rayong province.
Area up to 3,454 Rai
How much time does EECi have to be a Silicon Valley of Thailand?
Invest man will tell you about it.
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EECi aims Thailand to move forward to innovative new industries.
To add economic value to long term countries
When it's like this, it's impossible to guess that EECi must be a source of scientists and good engineers.
Let's combine research materials to top up new industries with advanced technologies.
By this innovative city, there are ′′ 6 target industry ′′ that serves differently.
1. Modern agriculture that will change old agriculture completely.
Because you know that Thailand has 6.8 million farming households.
But it's only 8 % income from the total GDP value of 1.68 trillion baht.
From such information, it means indirect meaning that Thai farmers will have less income than other industrial sector. When it's like this, it's a result. The new generation doesn't want to be farmers.
EECi has another mission to innovate modern agriculture research. Modern Farming
To solve this problem by making productivity more but using less people but more quality.
With infrastructure such as Plant Factory (Plant Factory)
It's a technology to help new generation farmers to produce effectiveness.
Because it's a planting system. Shut up or semi-shut system can control the environment
Such as lighting, temperatures and food elements are suitable for plant growth.
Phenomics Greenhouse Technology Farmhouse (Phenomenics Greenhouse) will have equipment to measure the physical characteristics of plants.
Growing in various conditions of how high and growth is.
Then, gather as a database to help select strong plant species.
2. biofuels and biological chemicals
When the produce is much, it has to be sold more expensively.
This area will also serve advanced technology to privatize agricultural produce to increase in value.
One of them is Biorefinery. Biorefinery. A prototype to privatize agricultural produce.
Go to high value products
Which is Dr. Jane Kritthaya, Director EECi from National Science and Technology Development Office of the National Science and Technology Development Office (NCO) ) As the EECi regulatory agency says, ′′ EECi will help make more value for raw materials in the country to go to the world market. From the same time that Thailand sells ′′ tons of rice ′′ can be sold from rice to ′′ gram ′′ at the same time. More value added than ′′
By this prototype biological refinery starts from design, experimenting, agricultural produce.
Comes to the fermentation process, then separates the produce into 2 parts.
It's Non-GMP to produce fuel and biological materials.
And GMP will produce food, cosmetics and supplements.
3. high performance battery and modern transportation
Many people may not know that our country is the world's number 11 big car manufacturer.
But today. Car technology runs further than we think.
The trend of the world will surely occur, is that the combustion engine will gradually go extinct.
And will be replaced by BEV Car
And if we don't want to lose a huge income that will happen in the future.
It has to be Thailand as part of the manufacturing base of electric cars and future cars.
By one of the key structures is ′′ high performance battery production
For that reason, EECi will be a space to mobilize engineers and specialists in public and private sector. Think of how to make Thailand a top largest battery production base of Asia to develop unmanned automotive technology.
4. Automation, Robotics and Smart Electronics
We may have heard often that technology will replace human labor.
To keep industrial costs cheaper and more quality products.
EECi is not overlooked by the creation of robotics and intelligent industrial mechanical machines so that they can support and test the prototype development process, manufacturing products for entrepreneurs.
Make the innovation center sustainable or sustainable Manufacturing Center (SMC) develops people with knowledge.
So far, production line samples so that both small and medium produce sector have experimented with semi-automatic and automatic production processes. Make it suitable for your business or not. To bring information before making a real investment in your business.
5. Aviation and Space
Many people may question whether our country can actually do this?
But the government sector is considered in Thailand
World top manufacturing base and automotive parts
We should also be able to develop future aircraft and aircraft parts too.
When it's like this, EECi will be a gathering of good engineers to develop the aviation industry.
Unmanned aircraft to satellite
6. Medical Devices
From the facts of Thailand, we produce rubber gloves and condoms to the top of the world.
But.. another angle is a weakness.
Each year we import high tech medical devices, 7-8 billion baht per year.
Which if Thailand is a Medical Hub in the eyes of the world.
It's necessary to decrease imports and turn to manufacturers of advanced medical devices, technology.
Which would make EECi have a team to innovate to produce various medical instruments in the area.
Also, in the EECI area, there will be a 3 GeV Energy Level sin Light Generator
Which produces a million times brighter than the daylight.
With this brightness is like a special microscope.
Where we can see all kinds of material molecules on Earth thoroughly.
Interesting is this beam is an important science infrastructure.
Continuing research and development in various industries.
When looking at EECi, the side round must say this could be another turning point of the country.
We're doing all the way to build a higher business and new industries.
To add value to the Thai economic system.
Because if we don't hurry up to do it today.. in the future, we may be a country left behind.
It's hard to run a world that is changing so fast.
In the past, Thai research results invented at laboratory level, there are still limited to developing manufacturing processes to forward to useful users. We have weaknesses that are not invested in infrastructure and mechanism to expand research. And another side can't take much advantage of foreign advanced technology. Because of lack of infrastructure and mechanism to support technology adaptation to Thai context.
In the future, EECi would be an important infrastructure and mechanism of the country to shut down the weaknesses in this matter..
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References
- www.eeci.or.th/th/home
- Fact Sheet EECi DocumentTranslated
laboratory conditions 在 Drama-addict Facebook 的最佳解答
รีรันเรื่องวิธีเลือกหน้ากากกันอีกรอบ เอาง่ายๆ
เลือกหน้ากากที่ ประสิทธิภาพเทียบเท่า N95 หรือสูงกว่า
แนะนำง่ายๆ บนซองมันจะมีเขียนมาตรฐานของหน้ากากว่ากรองฝุ่นได้ระดับไหน นอกจาก N95 ลองมองหา
FFP1 , FFP2 , FFP3 , R95 , P95 , P1 , P2 , P3 พวกนี้ใช้ทดแทนกันได้
และดูรูปแบบของหน้ากาก หน้ากากที่กันฝุ่นได้มีประสิทธิภาพ เวลาใส่ จะต้องแนบชิดติดกับแก้มเรา ไม่มีช่องเผยอให้อากาศภายนอกรั่วไหลเข้ามา ไม่งั้นจะประสิทธิภาพลดฮวบมากๆ
https://workpointnews.com/…/%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0…/
"วิกฤตที่น่าเป็นห่วงของ ชาว กทม"
แอดพบว่าชาวกรุงเทพ สวมหน้ากากกันน้อยมาก !
ทั้งที่ปีนี้สถานการณ์ฝุ่น PM2.5 ช่วงพีคแย่กว่าปีก่อน
🏀🏀 ขอความร่วมมือช่วยกัน "แชร์บทความนี้" ออกไปให้มากที่สุด เพื่อกระจายความรู้ที่ถูกต้องนะครับ 🏀🏀
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อุปกรณ์ที่ช่วยป้องกันฝุ่น PM2.5
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มีอุปกรณ์หลากหลายที่พยายามทำการตลาด เพื่อโฆษณาว่าป้องกันฝุ่น PM2.5 ได้ แต่บางครั้งอาจไม่ได้ผลในชีวิตจริง และบางครั้งมีการตลาดที่สนับสนุนสกู๊ปความรู้โดยผนวก (tie in) กับโฆษณาแบบเนียนๆ
แอดขอสรุปสั้นๆ ดังนี้
- การเลือกหน้ากากป้องกันฝุ่น ควรคำนึงถึง 3 ปัจจัย คือ
1. ประสิทธิภาพการกรอง
2. การรั่วของอากาศ
3. ความสบายของผู้ใส่
ดังนั้น
👍 หน้ากากที่ช่วยกันฝุ่น PM2.5 ได้ดี เหมาะสมราคา และใช้ได้ในชีวิตจริง คือ "หน้ากาก N95 หรือใกล้เคียง ที่สวมใส่ได้แนบสนิทพอดีกับใบหน้า" (หากมีวาล์วหายใจออก (exhale valve) เพื่อทำให้รู้สึกสบายตอนสวมด้วยก็ดี)
ข้างกล่องอาจแนะนำให้เปลี่ยนทุกวัน แต่นั่นหมายถึงคนที่ทำงานในโรงงานที่ได้รับมลพิษระดับสูง (high dose)
การใส่ป้องกันมลพิษนอกบ้าน หน้ากาก N95 1 ชิ้น สามารถใส่ได้นานเกือบสัปดาห์นะครับ ยกเว้น หากเปียกน้ำหรือดำมาก ก็ควรเปลี่ยนเลย
❌- หน้ากากอนามัย สีเขียว สีดำที่แพทย์หรือพยาบาลใช้เวลาทำหัตถการนั้น ประสิทธิภาพการกรองฝุ่นไม่เพียงพอ
อีกทั้งยังมีลมหลุดรั่วเข้ามากระจาย แต่กรณีที่ไม่มี N95 จริง การใส่ก็ดีกว่าไม่ใส่อะไรเลย ทั้งนี้ควรเลี่ยงอยู่นอกอาคารในช่วงที่ฝุ่นมีระดับสูง
❌- เครื่องฟอกอากาศแบบพกพา คล้องคอ (wearable air purifier) ที่ใช้วิธีการยิงประจุไปรอบศีรษะ ไม่ได้ผลในชีวิตจริงครับ ข้อมูลมีประโยชน์แค่ในระดับห้องทดลอง และสภาวะที่ความเร็วลมไม่มาก จึงไม่เหมาะสมกับระดับฝุ่นที่สูงอย่างในประเทศไทย และไม่สามารถใช้ทดแทนหน้ากาก N95 ได้
❌- หน้ากากที่ดูใส่สบายผิดปกติ โดยอ้างอิงจากประสิทธิภาพการกรองสูงๆเพียงอย่างเดียว ต้องระวังว่ามันไม่ได้ผลในชีวิตจริงนะครับ เพราะมักจะมีช่องรั่วอยู่บริเวณด้านข้างจมูก
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สรุปแล้ว การเลือกซื้ออุปกรณ์ป้องกันฝุ่น PM2.5 ต้องดูทั้ง 3 ปัจจัยร่วมกัน คือ "ประสิทธิภาพการกรอง การรั่วของอากาศ และความสบายของผู้ใส่" หากลูกเพจใส่ได้แป๊ปเดียวแล้วต้องถอด แสดงว่าเราอาจจะเลือกหน้ากากไม่เหมาะกับเราเข้าแล้วครับ
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สรุปคำแนะนำการป้องกันฝุ่น PM2.5
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🏀อยู่ภายในอาคารที่มีระบบไหลเวียนอากาศที่ดี
🏀สวมหน้ากาก N95 ก่อนออกจากบ้าน
🏀เลี่ยงการออกกำลังกายกลางแจ้ง
🏀เปิดเครื่องฟอกอากาศช่วยได้ ในกรณีมีผู้ป่วยกลุ่มเสี่ยง
🏀คนไข้ภูมิแพ้หรือโรคปอดควรใช้ยาสม่ำเสมอ
🏀หากมีอาการผิดปกติควรพบแพทย์ก่อนนัด
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สิ่งที่ต้องระวังในช่วงนี้
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1. โรคภูมิแพ้ทางเดินหายใจ ผื่นผิวหนังอักเสบอาจกำเริบได้ ไม่ควรขาดยา หรือหยุดยาช่วงนี้
2. โฆษณาให้เจาะเลือดตรวจภูมิแพ้แฝงจะโปรโมทช่วงนี้บ่อยขึ้นใน social media ซึ่งยังไม่แนะนำ เพราะไม่เกิดประโยชน์จริงและราคาแพงครับ
3. โฆษณาอาหารเสริม บำรุงภูมิแพ้ส่วนใหญ่มักโปรโมทช่วงนี้ ซึ่งยังไม่สามารถทดแทนการรักษามาตรฐานที่ตรงจุดได้ครับ
อ่านโพสต์ความรู้วิธีเลือกเครื่องฟอกอากาศในโพสต์ที่แชร์ล่าสุดครับ
https://www.facebook.com/1858533911127258/posts/2170173119963334/?d=n
Admin B1
′′ The worrisome crisis of Bangkok people ′′
Admin found that Bangkok people wear masks very little!
This year, PM2. 5 dust situation is worse than last year.
🏀🏀 Ask for cooperation to ′′ share this article ′′ as much as possible to spread the right knowledge. 🏀🏀
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Pm2. 5 Dust Protection Device
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There are many devices that try to market to advertise that it can prevent PM2. 5 dust. Sometimes it doesn't work in real life. Sometimes there is marketing that supports scoop knowledge by annexation (tie in) with smooth ads.
Add a short summary as follows.
- Choosing a dust proof mask should be mindful of 3 factors.
1. Filter performance
2. air leaks
3. The comfort of the wearer.
So, so
👍 A mask that helps with PM2. 5 dust. It's good for real life. It's ′′ N95 mask or close to wear. It's fit to the face ′′ (with exhale valve (exhale valve) to make you feel comfortable wearing it. It's good too)
Side by side may suggest daily changes, but that means people who work in high levels of pollution plant (high dose).
Wearing anti-pollution outside. NZ mask 1 pieces can be worn for almost a week. Except if it's wet or dark, you should change it.
❌-Black green hygienic mask that doctors or nurses spend cuddle times. It's not enough to filter the dust.
There is also a wind leak. But if there is no real NZ, wearing is better than not wearing anything. It should avoid outside the building during high levels of dust.
❌-Portable air purifier (wearable air purifier) that uses the head capacitor. It doesn't work in real life. The information is useful in laboratory level and conditions where the wind speed is not suitable for high dust level. Thailand and can't replace NZ mask
❌-A mask that looks unusually comfortable, based on high filter performance. Be careful that it doesn't work in real life because there is often a leak on the side of nose.
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In summary, buying Pm2. 5 dust protector equipment. Must watch all 3 factors together. It is ′′ efficiency of air leakage and comfort of the wearer If the page can wear it for a moment, it has to be taken off. We may choose a mask that doesn't fit us.
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PM2. 5 dust prevention advice summary
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Inside a building with a good circulatory system
Wearing NZ mask before leaving home
Avoid outdoor exercise
Turning on air purifier can help in case of risk group patients.
Allergic or lung disease patients should use regular medicines.
If there is an abnormal condition, see a doctor before appointment.
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Things to watch out for lately
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1. Respiratory allergy. Skin rash may be acting up. Shouldn't be missing medicine or stop medicine during this period.
2. Advertisement for blood test, allergy check. I will promote this period more often in social media which is not recommended because it's not really beneficial and expensive.
3. Advertisement for allergy nourishing supplements. Most of them are often promoted during this period which is still irreplaceable to maintain standards on point
Read the knowledge of how to choose an air purifier in the latest shared post.
https://www.facebook.com/1858533911127258/posts/2170173119963334/?d=n
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