心衰竭 2021 新定義
心衰竭是由於心臟結構,及/或功能異常,且證實利鈉肽 (Natriuretic peptide)升高,及/或肺或系統循環充血,而引起之臨床症候與症狀。
(3/1/2021 Journal of Cardiac Failure, European Journal of Heart Failure)
自己翻寫譯文有些繞舌,用白話文說,就是:
心衰竭是由於
1、心臟結構異常,或
2、心臟功能異常
且有:
1、利鈉肽 (Natriuretic peptide)升高,或
2、肺/系統循環鬱血
引起的臨床症狀/症候群。
這個定義來自於以下各國心臟學會達成的共識:
1、歐洲心臟學會的心衰竭協會
2、日本心衰竭學會
3、加拿大心衰竭學會
4、澳洲紐西蘭心臟學會
5、中國心衰竭協會
哈佛醫學院的Braunwald 及Antman 在該期刊社論也加以肯定。看來,這個定義是一統江湖的新主流了。
過去30年,心衰竭被定義為,心臟無法負荷新陳代謝所需而引起之症狀。相較之下,新定義確實著重於「心臟」因素。
特別注意的是,按照新定義,因為慢性腎病(CKD)所造成的水份滯留,並不包括在心衰竭之內。
心衰竭的階段分期(staging)
有了新定義,staging也跟著修改。
# 發生心衰竭風險(At-risk for HF)(A期):
病人有發生心衰竭風險,但以前或現在心臟並無結構或功能異常的症狀,也沒有利鈉肽升高的情形。
#心衰竭前期(Pre-HF)(B期):
以前至目前無心衰竭症狀,但有心臟結構/功能異常存在,或利鈉肽升高情形。
#心衰竭(C期):以前或現在已出現因為心臟結構/功能異常的症狀。
#晚期(嚴重)心衰竭(Advanced HF)(D期):
病人在靜態休息時出現嚴重的症狀,經指引導向治療仍重覆住院,且需要進一步的治療,如換心,機械循環輔助,或緩和醫療(palliative)。
值得注意的是,心衰竭前期(Pre-HF)(B期)。這個概念就如同癌前期,仍然可以治療,可以預防的。就像糖尿病而且有心衰竭風險的病人,使用SGLT2 一樣。
面對使用左心室射出分率(LVEF)來分類心衰結治療,如低射出分率(HFrEF, Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction),及正常射出分率(HFpEF, Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction), 新定義的心衰竭也有更新版的說法:
#低EF的心衰竭(HFrEF):LVEF在40%以下
#輕度低EF的心衰竭(HFmrEF):LVEF 41-49%
#正常射出分率(HFpEF): LVEF大於50%
#改善射出分率之心衰竭(HFimpEF):從基本EF小於等於40%,提升至少10點,且第二次測量之EF大於40%
最後一項的改善射出分率之心衰竭,觀念上是提醒人們,心衰竭治療後,是可以改善(improve)的,而不是恢復(recover)。
新定義是強調,心衰竭是連續演變的事情(continuum),而不是只去不回的單行道。
在治療角度觀之,過渡性的EF 改變,即使提升10-20%,如果沒有超過達到EF40%,治療策略不需要改變。如果EF升高超過40%,治療策略需要調整。
雖然論文發表時用的標題是《Universal Definition》Braunwald 認為新的定義還不能說全球共識,因為美國心臟協會(AHA)及美國心臟學院並未參與。
老美說的才算universal definition?
新定義還需時間考驗。
資料來源:
Universal definition and classification of heart failure.
J Cardiac Fail 2021;00:1-27
#心衰竭
#射出分率
#HFrEF
#LVEF
#HFmrEF
#HFpEF
#HFimpEF
#利鈉肽
#Natriuretic peptide
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過12萬的網紅一二三渡辺,也在其Youtube影片中提到,連休最終日に、 天気が怪しいのでツーリングにいかず、まったり、 CB400 SUPER FOUR (sea B よんひゃく super forehand, an abbreviated designation): CB400SF) is a motorcycle of the 400cc N...
「heart failure classification」的推薦目錄:
heart failure classification 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最讚貼文
連休最終日に、
天気が怪しいのでツーリングにいかず、まったり、
CB400 SUPER FOUR (sea B よんひゃく super forehand, an abbreviated designation): CB400SF) is a motorcycle of the 400cc Ney kid type that Honda Motor releases. Popular name Sioux forehand
CB400SF(NC31)
CB400SF was developed with a concept of PROJECT BIG-1. In PROJECT BIG-1, I raise the following matters.
* Four strokes / DOHC adopt four water-cooled parallel cylinder engines in a core
* Being the style that wild & is sexy
* A thing having emotivity ability to charm a heart of a running person
It is exhibited reference, and, in 1992, CB1000 SUPER FOUR is released as the PROJECT BIG-1 first car model for No. 29 Tokyo mortor show in April for further 1992 years.
When I did four cylinder Ney kids of Honda of then, CB-1 was sold, but CB-1 was excellent with sports performance, but I compared it with there having been little capacity of a gas tank and a rival car on practical use side and had a hard fight by sale because a style was halfdone, and CB400SF reflected on failure of CB-1, and it was released a style of an ex-name car in the form that I was able to gain the favor of.
For a main change from CB-1,
* It is changed in an old car of CB750F and CBX400F-like style by a style with a sporty feeling
* Two モノサス → サス
* I change it in a large-sized tank of a CB1100R type
* A double disk of front brakes
* I abolish a cam gear train from NC23E which is four following water-cooled parallel cylinder engines from CBR400R from generation to generation and I add a fin and am equipped
Version R appeared by a minor change, and bikini cowlless Version S appeared afterwards. In addition, there is the model that said CB400FOUR which was able to gain the favor of a base with a CB750FOUR-like style in NC31.
With Yamaha / V-MAX (buoy - max), it is one of the large-sized motorcycles that export was started from Yamaha Motor to foreign countries in 1985. In one time, it was sold in Japan.
An official name is Vmax. It was sold by a name of Vmax12 in U.S.A. Body classification is an American type and the unique thing which cannot be against it with Ney kid type. An engine equipped with is four four water-cooled stroke V type cylinder 1,200cc. A design reminding of a competition vehicle participating in a drag race competing for the speed by departure acceleration from 0mph, American motor sports brings on unique charm. At the time of announcement, it was said that the accelerating force exceeded Porsche and boasted of ability to arrive at it to 10 seconds level in arrival time to 0 or more distance 1/4 miles (about 402m) of a drag race. Although I already passed from release more than 20 years, I keep deep-rooted popularity in a Japanese large-sized motorcycle market. In addition, as for the original design which a fuel tank (a genuine article, bottom of a seat) and an air duct call a dummy, popular.