關於 government of california ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

作為文化的基礎，語言不光只是言說對談，當牽涉到當代政府公文書或是公開言論，當中所使用的詞彙往往也都代表著特定的立場或是有想要傳達的特殊意義。換句話來說，政治上，特別是政府治理中，語言有重要的影響力，需要我們格外關注。

這篇來自NY Times上的文章，帶我們看到人類學家如何關注美國在川普與拜登擔任總統時期的語言使用差異，以及所帶來的種種影響。這也帶我們進一步去反思台灣政治人物的語言使用及其所帶來的作用力。

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「拜登正試圖奪回歐巴馬政府時期的美國願景，一個更加多樣化、在宗教上更寬容、更能包容不同性別傾向和性別呈現的願景,」加州大學洛杉磯分校(University of California, Los Angeles)人類學教授、《川普時代的語言——醜聞與緊急情況》(Language in the Trump Era: Scandals and Emergencies)一書的作者之一諾瑪·門多薩-丹頓(Norma Mendoza-Denton)說。

門多薩-丹頓表示，川普在其動盪的任期內尋求「通過語言重塑現實」。在她與布蘭迪斯大學(Brandeis University)的珍妮特·麥金托什(Janet McIntosh)合著的這本書中，麥金托什寫道，前總統「改變了人們對總統語言的一些最深層次的期望，不僅是在風格方面，還包括詞語和現實之間的關係。」

現在，拜登政府的官員正在使用川普自己的策略來調整現實，這一次是抹去前任使用的詞語，並且明確回到以前被棄用的詞語。

「總統對我們所有人明確表示，語言很重要、語氣很重要、禮貌很重要。」白宮新聞發言人珍·薩基(Jen Psaki)說。「讓這個國家團結起來，重新回到我們在全球談判桌上的席位，這意味著在行動上翻過這一頁，同時也意味著翻過上屆政府的分裂和過於頻繁的仇外語言這一頁。」

（以上引用網頁原文）

https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20210226/language-government-biden-trump/zh-hant/

📘【Ken的高頻單字筆記 I】
購買辦法：https://is.gd/H8W7Qj

📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事 — 墨西哥治安 🇲🇽

📰 Mexico Reports Slight Decline in 2019 Homicides
Nation’s murder rate remained at highest level in decades despite fall in number of killings

MEXICO CITY—Mexico registered 209 fewer homicides in 2019 than a year earlier, the first decline in five years, though the murder rate remained at its highest level in decades, the National Statistics Institute said Wednesday.

📌 這篇文章討論墨西哥 (Mexico) 的殺人罪 (homicide) 數字的微小下降(slight decline)。nation是國家的意思，在這裡是指墨西哥，這是常用修辭方法之一。作者也用同義詞提高文章的可讀性： homicide vs murder vs killing。

The country registered 36,476 homicides last year, down from 36,685 in 2018, according to preliminary data based on death certificates. The homicide rate was unchanged from 2018 at 29 per 100,000 inhabitants, the highest level on records stretching back 30 years.

📌 這段交代有關數據，register (登記)、down from (從...下降)、according to preliminary data (根據初步資料) 和 unchanged (不變的)是常見用語。

“The important thing is that the government doesn’t rest on its laurels by saying we’ve slowed the rise in homicides,” said Cassius Wilkinson, a security analyst at political-risk consultancy Empra. “A plateau at historic highs still isn’t good for Mexico’s public security.”

📌 這段引述一位保安分析員 (security analyst) 的意見。rest on one’s laurels (不求進步) 是道地用語。plateau的原意是高原，在這裡引申指有關數字維持於高位不降。

Monthly police reports for 2020 show that homicides were up 1.5% in the first eight months of this year from a year earlier, although the numbers have been overshadowed by more than 74,000 deaths of people infected with the coronavirus.

The drop in the preliminary number of homicides for 2019 will likely become a small increase when final data are released at the end of October, said security analyst Alejandro Hope. “The good news is that it’s not growing, the bad news is that it’s not falling,” he added.

📌 這兩段繼續分析有關數字的走勢。overshadowed by (因為...失色的) 是生動的用語。preliminary 跟 final 是異義詞，the good news is that…the bad news is that… 是平行結構，也是很好的修辭方式。

Lowering the level of violence, much of it by organized-crime groups, is among the main concerns of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador whose strategy has been to reduce direct confrontation between security forces and heavily armed criminal gangs.

Since taking office at the end of 2018, Mr. López Obrador has disbanded the Federal Police and replaced it with a National Guard drawn mostly from the ranks of army and naval police. The National Guard has close to 100,000 members, and is expected to increase to 140,000.

📌 這兩段介紹墨西哥總統其中一項主要關注 (main concern) 就是降低暴力的水平 (lower the level of violence)。他的策略 (strategy) 是減少保安部隊 (security forces) 和犯罪集團 (criminal gang) 之間的直接對抗 (direct confrontation)。

Homicide rates last year fell in 15 of the country’s 32 states, including Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo—home to tourism hubs Los Cabos and Cancún—and Mexico City.

Among the most violent states was Guanajuato in central Mexico, which has been the site of fighting between the Jalisco New Generation Cartel and a gang of fuel thieves called the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel. Authorities arrested José Antonio Yépez, the alleged head of the fuel theft gang, in early August.

While violence increased in Guanajuato, the homicide rate fell last year in neighboring Jalisco state. The number of murders could be masked by an increase in forced disappearances in the state as the Jalisco cartel consolidates its control of the area, said Mr. Wilkinson.

“A lot of the states that lead the rankings are leading for different reasons,” he added, noting increased killings in northern states such as Sonora and Chihuahua. “I wouldn’t be surprised if the 2020 numbers are much higher.”

📌 這四段詳細分析墨西哥不同州的殺人罪率 (homicide rate)去年的情況。the rankings的意思就是排名。在旅游樞紐 (tourism hub)的州殺人罪率下降，個別州份因爲幫派的打鬥變得最暴力的。

未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/Md4Ra3
📰 作者
Anthony Harrup
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W

✨歡迎歡迎！蘇戴娜就任美國在台協會文化新聞組組長✨

蘇戴娜（Diane Sovereign）就任美國在台協會文化新聞組組長。蘇戴娜於2002年加入美國國務院，並先後擔任美國駐亞洲、歐洲和美洲的外交官。她曾擔任位於布魯塞爾的美國駐北大西洋公約組織使團政治官、美國駐伊拉克摩蘇爾文化新聞組組長、美國駐中國北京舊大使館領事官和政治官、美國駐中國北京新大使館副發言人、美國駐武漢總領事館總領事、美國駐渥太華大使館文化官、美國駐布宜諾斯艾利斯大使館發言人。在進入政府部門之前，她曾在洛杉磯和舊金山的國內法律師事務所擔任7年的公司法律師。

蘇戴娜出生於日本，在加州接受教育，並取得波莫納學院國際關係學士學位，以及加州大學哈斯汀法學院的法律博士學位，2019年蘇組長取得美國國防大學艾森豪學院之國家戰爭學院的碩士學位。蘇戴娜通曉中文、西班牙文和法文，她和她的女兒在2020年夏天從華盛頓特區抵達台北。

✨Diane Sovereign Assumes Duties as AIT’s Public Affairs Officer✨

Diane Sovereign is currently head of Public Affairs at the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT). She joined the United States Department of State in 2002, and has served as a diplomat in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Prior positions include: USNATO in Brussels as a Political Officer; in Mosul, Iraq as the Public Affairs Officer; at the “old” Embassy in Beijing, China as a Consular and Political Officer; at the “new” Embassy in Beijing as the Deputy Spokesperson; at the U.S. Consulate in Wuhan, China as the Consul General; at Embassy Ottawa as the Cultural Affairs Officer, and at Embassy Buenos Aires as the Press Attaché. Prior to government service, she spent 7 years as a corporate lawyer in the Los Angeles and San Francisco offices of a national law firm, practicing labor and employment law.

Born in Japan, she was educated in California, receiving her B.A. in International Relations from Pomona College and her J.D. from UC Hastings College of the Law. In 2019, Diane obtained a Master’s Degree in National Security from the U.S. National War College, Eisenhower School. Diane speaks Chinese, Spanish, and French. She and her daughter arrived in Taipei from Washington D.C. in the summer of 2020.

Marina about China/HK’s situation:

China ~ is going to go to globalism - that’s what they say, and they are also going to have two riots, it’s going to be right in front of people’s faces. Chinese, they say, are not to be messed with. Their culture that are big in pride and when they are being attacked, they will fight, especially the section of Hong Kong because there was more opening, more freedom, more freedom of thinking, they were not suppressed. This is the reason why the stuff that is happening from Hong Kong, you don’t see in another region because the other regions were suppressed through the regime, whatever that was, Hong Kong was almost like a free-thinking, almost like England, and that’s why when you try to suppress the consciousness that was free, they’re much more aware of what’s really happening because of the information and this is the reason why it’s happening from there, from there, it’s going to be like a snowball for the entire country, it’s exposure and showing the pure evil of communism, socialism is not really socialism. it’s communism and fascism , those three are connected to each other, they say. And it’s just the “interlocking”, they are talking about interlocking bylaws that are implemented very sneakily they say in a governmental structure, not only through China, but including through the government of the US. And they say pay very close attention to California. because their “bylaws” that were interlocking with that type of regime, this was based on agendas for global control, this was not based on agenda for serenity and sovereignty to US. This was based on a global agenda. This bylaws - so anybody that looks at California, and what’s happening there, you’re going to see it.

we should watch her channel on her website - Freedom Awakening

The platform of the codes of the matrix are on track, the new modality of the increasing of the frequency already coming through the fields, so escalation will happen because the more the frequency is spinning in the quantum structure more people who is with balance or off balance is going to come information so don’t be surprised when you see all these fights that is happening and all these manipulation is happening because it’s somebody’s else’s survival even if it’s coming from completely different way of thinking. Again not a judgement for anybody but we should just be patient and do your research. Do research on Freedom Awakening in my sub channel of the Harmonic Reactor, there is a Freedom Awakening channel, scroll down, you are going to see it and one after the other your have proofs and the commentaries and whistleblowers that talk about stuff that I already know to be true from my reality, I do not post or support something that I am not already done. I post stuff that I am 100% sure that I got information on that already. Otherwise you will not see them posted.

Marina關於中國/香港的情況：

中國〜將走向全球化 - 這就是他們 (他們指The Council of Nine）所說的，他們也將發生兩次騷亂。他們說，中國人不應該被搞砸。他們為自己的文化自豪，當他們受到攻擊時，他們會戰鬥，特別是香港的部分，因為有更多的開放，更多的自由，更多的思想自由，他們沒有受到壓制。這就是為什麼香港發生的事情，你沒有在另一個地區看到因為其他地區被政權壓制，無論如何，香港幾乎像一個自由思想，幾乎像英國，這就是為什麼當你試圖壓制自由的意識時，他們會更加意識到由於信息而發生的事情，這就是為什麼它從那裡發生的原因，從那裡開始，它就像一個雪球整個國家，它暴露並表現出共產主義的純粹邪惡，社會主義並不是真正的社會主義。他們說，這是共產主義和法西斯主義，這三者是相互聯繫的。它只是“互聯”，他們談論的是互聯章程，他們在政府結構中非常狡猾地實施，不僅通過中國，而且包括通過美國政府。他們說要非常關注加州。因為他們的“章程”與這種政權相互聯繫，這是基於全球控制的議程，這不是基於對美國的寧靜和主權議程。這是基於全球議程。這條章程 - 任何看過加利福尼亞的人，以及那裡發生的事情，你都會看到它。
。

The Harmonic Reactor https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKaW-6KuhVvEIX-oRG7cBZQ


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Grand Theft Auto V is an open world, action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 17 September 2013 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and on 18 November 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is scheduled to be released on 27 January 2015 for Microsoft Windows. The game is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008's Grand Theft Auto IV. Set within the fictional state of San Andreas (based on Southern California), the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency. The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas, which includes open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos (based on Los Angeles).
The game is played from either a first-person[c] or third-person view and its world is navigated on-foot or by vehicle. Players control the three lead protagonists throughout the single-player mode, switching between them both during and outside of missions. The story is centred on the heist sequences, and many of the missions involve shooting and driving gameplay. Players who commit crimes may incite a response from law enforcement agencies, measured by a "wanted" system that governs the aggression of their response. Grand Theft Auto Online, the online multiplayer mode, lets up to 30 players explore the open world and engage in cooperative or competitive game matches.
Development began in 2009, soon after the release of Grand Theft Auto IV. The development team envisioned Grand Theft Auto V as a spiritual successor to many of their previous projects, such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3. The game's use of three lead protagonists is a break from series tradition—a design choice from the developers to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors. As part of their research for the open world, the developers conducted field research around California throughout development and captured footage for the design team. Development duties were shared between many of Rockstar's studios worldwide.
Following its announcement in October 2011, Grand Theft Auto V was widely anticipated. It was acclaimed by many reviewers, with praise particularly directed at its multiple protagonist design, open-ended gameplay and technical advancements. Critics were polarised by a scene depicting torture and the game's treatment of women. Some labelled the game inherently violent and misogynistic. Grand Theft Auto V broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history, earning US $800 million in its first day and US $1 billion in its first three days. It won year-end accolades, including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications.