關於 exchange rate history ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

整理得很好

【**川普做了哪些40年來其他總統沒做的事?**】中共就是這幾任包括柯林頓，小布希，歐巴馬給搞到為所欲為，不管川普是否連任，這4年能夠把中共搞到崩潰邊緣，他真的不簡單!

**這裡整理幾點，他做了那些前任總統沒做的事?**

**1. 讓反共成為美國共識:**
* 正式公開承認過去幾十年對中政策的錯誤，並將中國與中共分開，認定中共所領導的中國為「有別於民主」的獨裁國家，視其為「新威權主義」

**2. 讓反共成為民主自由國家共識:**
* 呼籲並整合西方國家，在民主自由與極權暴政之間只能選邊站，價值觀勝過經濟誘因
* 在這次疫情，願意第一個出來講真話，讓我們不用活在指鹿為馬的世界，指出就是因為中共隱匿疫情，造成全球染疫超過千萬，死亡超過50萬人，經濟停擺，損失無可計算，四億多全職工作消失不復返，生活模式改變
* 甚至，他點出了 [#宗教自由](https://www.facebook.com/…/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%9…)，喚醒我們與中共的差別，西方民主國家不要忘記我們的價值觀，行善止惡的重要性

**3. 斷絕中共資金來源:**
* 進行貿易戰，提高關稅，迫使各國紛出走中國
* 提供優惠措施，輔導美企出走中國
* 嚴審中概股，逼迫中企會計公開透明，被迫在自由市場滅頂
* 限制經由香港的資金流動
* 對中國敏感科高科技出口禁令擴展到香港
* 下令美聯邦退休基金撤出中國，禁止用美國公務及老兵的退休基金去投資中國，使其製造武器來威脅美國人/士兵生命，過去幾任總統都是這樣做
* 美國八成假貨來自中港，不但危害智慧產權，消費者安全，更打擊市場公平性，川普對這些產品進行關稅制裁
* 進行《香港自治法》的簽署: 潛在制裁對象還首度包括國際金融機構，可導致中港銀行無法與美國銀行交易、不能使用美元結算，以打擊中港方資金鏈

**4. 斷絕中共技術來源，消滅「中國製造2025」:**
* 抵制中興、華為及與中共及解放軍有關係的中企
* 阻斷中國晶片來源，沒了心臟，所有設備根本出不了中國
* 對美國涉及千人計劃的學者、科學家開鍘，並對源頭中國駐美使館進行公開譴責
* 反制習近平「軍民融合戰略」竊取高科技，針對中國公民和學生進行簽證禁令，禁止具任何解放軍背景公民、學生與研究人員的再入境，撤銷簽證，甚至逮捕，一解放軍軍官以學術研究到美，在機場被捕，面臨最高10年刑期
* 正在進行「年度國防授權法案 (NDAA)」的簽署: 公布竊取美商業機密、威脅國家安全或經濟健康的個人或公司名單，[#向竊取技術的企業實施懲罰](https://www.facebook.com/…/%E5%90%91%E7%AB%8A%E5%8F%96%E6%8…)，包括凍結他們在美國的資產，及禁止美國公民與這些公司和個人進行交易的制裁，還包括加強美國供應鏈的措施，以及擴大與中國導彈防禦系統整合的限制

**5. 5G:**
* 正式宣布華為國安威脅，目前世界已有多國正式宣布不用華為進行5G基礎建設，這對全世界各國國家安全極為重要，菲律賓即因電網用華為設備，中共可遠端停電菲律賓48小時
* 美憂中國監視及竊盜資料，海纜准通台灣，不准通香港

**6. 印太戰略**
* 美國對中國擴張問題，不再只是內容空泛的抱怨，反而是堅強的執行意志。從新加坡李顯龍公開表示，希望華府不要逼新加坡與東協在美、中兩國選邊，很明顯就是針對美國印太戰略在發言
* 美國正在亞太地區部署前所未見的軍力，目前美軍部署在亞太地區的兵力為37.5萬人，占美軍總兵力的28%，其中包括60%的海軍艦艇、55%的陸軍部隊，以及2/3的陸戰隊兵力
* 美國前總統歐巴馬8年任期中，在南海只執行4次航行自由行動，然而川普上任迄今四年已執行22次，是歐巴馬的11倍

**7. 台灣**
* 稱蔡英文為台灣總統，國務卿蓬佩奧公開稱讚台灣在民主自由的貢獻，並支持台灣加入WHO等國際組織
* 台灣被確認是美國印太戰略核心夥伴，公開邀請參加八月南海軍演
* 2016年共和黨首度將《六項保證》納入黨綱
* 《台北法案》: 內容涵蓋台灣對外關係、美台經貿關係和台灣參與國際組織，增強美台雙邊經貿關係，並要求美政府促進台灣國際參與
* 《2018年亞洲再保證倡議法》其中第209條款「對台灣之承諾」重申支持美國與台灣在政治、經濟及安全的合作，規定「美國總統應依來自中國之威脅而定期對台軍售」
* 《台灣旅行法》: 促進兩國高層交流
* 重啟台美FTA談判
* 美方加強參與台灣國艦國造
* 軍售台灣: 18枚MK-48 AT重型魚雷，66架F-16戰機，派里級巡防艦、AAV7兩棲突擊車、人攜刺針飛彈250枚、拖式2B型飛彈769枚、標槍飛彈及迅安系統後續支援，HARM反輻射飛彈50枚、聯合距外武器（JSOW）空對地飛彈56枚、MK48魚雷46枚、標準二型（SM-2）飛彈16枚、MK54輕型魚雷168枚、4艘紀德級驅逐艦AN /SLQ-32（V）3電戰系統性能提升、SRP偵蒐雷達後續維持、MK41垂直發射系統，C-130 運輸機、F-5 戰鬥機、經國號戰鬥機，M1A2T戰車、M88A2裝甲救濟車、M1070A1 重裝備運輸車、M1000 重裝備運輸板車、FIM-92刺針便攜式防空飛彈、122把M2重機槍、216把M240通用機槍
* 進行《台灣防衛法》的簽署: 確保美軍有能力保護台灣安全，包括評估採取有限核武來嚇阻中國

**8. 香港**
* 制裁傷害香港自治的中港官員，包括: 中共政治局常委，負責港澳事務的韓正，加速中共高層內部的分裂
* 通過《香港人權與民主法》，撤銷香港特別待遇，包括禁止出口軍民兩用技術到香港
* 著手撤銷香港在引渡條例、出口管制、旅遊及獨立關稅區地位等領域所享有的特殊待遇
* 進行《香港自治法》的簽署: 對破壞香港自治的中港官員，凍結其在美資產，禁止入境美國；潛在制裁對象還首度包括國際金融機構，可導致中港銀行無法與美國銀行交易、不能使用美元結算，以打擊中港方資金鏈

**9. 新疆**
* 2019年10月，美國宣布將28個打壓新疆穆斯林的中企列入黑名單
* 2020年5月，美國宣布將中國公安部法醫研究所和8家中企列入經濟黑名單，並將33個協助中國政府監控維族，或與中國解放軍及大規模殺傷性武器有關聯的企業、機構、個人列入黑名單
* 通過《2020 年維吾爾人權政策法案》，呼籲禁止在中國境內外對這些族群的任意拘留、酷刑和騷擾，將制裁監禁超過百萬穆斯林的中國官員，制裁手段包括：凍結中國有關官員的在美財產、拒絶他們入境、拒發或取消簽證

**10. 媒體:**
* 今年2月，美國已將新華社、中國環球電視網（CGTN）、中國國際廣播電台（CRI）、《中國日報》發行公司，以及《人民日報》發行商美國海天發展公司列為外國使團
* 今年3月，美國要求削減60位中國籍記者
* 今年4月，白宮史無前例地批評美國之音為中國政府做宣傳。新任執行長在6月初通過國會核准，原本貝內特（Amanda Bennet）在內多名美國之音高管宣佈辭職
* 今年5月，美國限制中國籍記者簽證90天
* 今年5月，川普與推特等社群媒體槓上，怒斥打壓言論自由
* 今年7月，新增4家中共官媒為外國使團，包括: 中央電視台（CCTV）、中國新聞社（中新社）、《人民日報》和《環球時報》，從此需向美國國務院提供在美員工的名單及他們在美租賃或持有的房地產清單

**11. 疫情前，2019年底的美國經濟表現**
* 失業率維持在 3.5%，創 1969 年以來新低
* 執政 3 年美股飆逾 50%，高居歷屆總統第一
* 招聘人數的增加和工資的上漲推動了消費者支出，消費者支出占美國經濟的三分之二以上
* 美國是2019年G7唯一經濟增速將超過2%的國家
* 至2019年12月，美國經濟已連續第126個月持續增長，是有記錄以來最長的經濟增長期
* 美國股市的總市值攀升至創紀錄，1.5倍於其GDP
* 強勁的美國經濟在2019年繼續吸引來自世界各地的投資，使美元匯率升至歷史新高

**12. 國際組織**
* 川普大聲譴責目前「過於以中國為中心」的國際機構，包括WHO等
* 以行動退出世衛及拒絕提供資金後，世衛終於在6月30日承認中國並非第一個告知疫情，也就是中共違反世界衛生條例，並沒有在24小時內告知世衛，也代表全球都有法源依據跟中共求償
* 川普政府的國家安全小組甚至在考慮建立一個全新的國際衛生組織，以使美國能擁有更大影響
* WTO秘書長突然在今年5月辭職
* 川普表示: 聯合國是一個過時的組織。暗示應成立一個以民主自由國家，有共同價值觀為前提的組織，並開始邀請各國參加G11

What did Trump do that the former presidents did not do?

1. Making Anti-CCP a consensus in the United States:
* Formally and publicly acknowledged the mistakes of the China policy over the past few decades, separated China from CCP, and regarded China led by CCP as a dictatorship, different from democracy countries

2. Making Anti-CCP a consensus in the democratic and free nations:
* Appealed the democratic and free nations to stand together against CCP. Western countries is forced by CCP to choose side between persistence in freedom and acceptance of Beijing’s bully tactics, between value and economic incentives.
* In this epidemic, told us the fact that it’s because of the CCP’s deliberate concealment, more than 10 million people have been infected, more than 500,000 people have died, more than 400 million full-time jobs have disappeared, and our lifestyle is forced to be changed.
* Pointed out the importance of religious freedom and awakened us the differences between us and the CCP. CCP is a regime that oppresses her people’s religious freedom. Western democracies should not forget our insistence on freedom and beliefs

3. Cut off the sources of CCP funds:
* Carried out trade wars, raised tariffs, forced the companies and the investment to move out of China
* Provided preferential measures to assist US companies to move out of China
* Passed a bill that would prevent companies that refuse to open their books from listing on Wall Street. This move is aimed to "kick deceitful Chinese companies off US exchanges."
* Restrict the flow of funds through Hong Kong
* Directed federal pension fund to halt investments in Chinese stocks
* Imposed tariff sanctions on Chinese fake products
* Passed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act to require the imposition of sanctions on foreign individuals and banks that participate in China’s oppression of Hong Kong

4. Cut off the sources of high-tech technology and knowledge acquired by CCP, and eliminate the possibility of Made in China 2025:
* Boycotted ZTE, Huawei, and the Chinese companies which are related to the CCP and the PLA
* Block CCP's access to acquire the high-end chips
* Arrested the scholars and scientists involved in the Thousand Talents Program, and publicly condemned the Chinese Embassy accused to lead this program in the US
* Ordered a ban on issuing visas to the Chinese people, students and researchers with PLA background, in order to prevent Xi Jinping's "military-civilian integration strategy" from stealing US high technology
* Signed "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)": published a list of individuals or companies that steal US trade secrets, threaten national security or economic health; Penalize the companies that steal technology, including freezing their US assets; Prohibit U.S. citizens from trading with these companies and individuals...and so on.

5. 5G:
* Barred American firms from selling tech and supplies to huawei without first obtaining a license to do so and restricted companies like TSMC, a Taiwan-based firm, from exporting computer chipsets and other key components to Huawei.
* At the same time, warned the world that Huawei products will pose a risk to their national securities. Now, the tide is turning against Huawei, many countries have given up using Huawei equipments on their 5G instructure.
* According to CNN, because of using huawei equipments, the Philippines' power grid is under the full control of the Chinese government and could be shut off in time of conflict
* Denied Google to use a direct connection between the US and Hong Kong, due to a significant risk to security

6. Indo-Pacific Strategy
* The United States is no longer just complaining about the content of China's expansion, but rather a strong will to execute. Li Xianlong from Singapore stated publicly that he hopes that Washington will not force Singapore and ASEAN to choose sides in the United States and China.
* The United States is deploying unprecedented military power in the Asia-Pacific region. Currently, the US military has 375,000 troops deployed in the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for 28% of the total US military strength, including 60% of naval ships, 55% of the army, and around 66% Marine Forces
* During the eight-year term of the former President Obama, only carried out four freedom of navigation operations in the South China Sea. However, Trump has carried out 22 times in the four years so far, which is 11 times that of Obama.

7. Taiwan
* Ignoring CCP’s intimidation, the secretary of State Pompeo publically and officially called Tsai Ing-wen the President of Taiwan. Also, praised Taiwan’s contribution to democracy and freedom, and supported Taiwan’s accession to WHO and other international organizations
* Publicly announced Taiwan is the core partner of the US-Indo-Pacific Plan, and openly invited Taiwan to participate in August Joint Navy Exercise in South China Sea
* Reiterated the "Six Guarantees" for Taiwan in 2016
* Signed "Taipei Act": It aims to increase the scope of US relations with Taiwan and encourage other nations and international organizations to strengthen their official and unofficial ties with this nation
* Signed "Asian Reassurance Initiative Act 2018" : It aims to support the close economic, political, and security relationship between Taiwan and the United States, to faithfully enforce all existing United States Government commitments to Taiwan, to counter efforts to change the status quo and to support peaceful resolution acceptable to both sides of the Taiwan Strait, to conduct regular arms sales To Taiwan
* Signed "Taiwan Travel Law": It aims to encourage the travel of high level United States officials to Taiwan

8. Hong Kong
* In May 27, 2020, announced by the Secretary of State under the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act that Hong Kong no longer enjoys sufficient autonomy in order to justify special treatment by the US
* In May 28, 2020, announced that the United States would initiate the process of revoking Hong Kong’s favorable treatment under US law
* In July 1st, 2020, passed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act. It’s aimed to provide for mandatory sanctions against individuals, entities and financial institutions in response to China’s National Security Law for Hong Kong.

9. Xinjiang
* China has rounded up at least a million Uighurs in Xinjiang and imprisoned them in what it calls "re-education camps." An investigation found that most of the detainees were imprisoned due to their religious practices and culture, rather than extremist behavior.
* In October 2019, banned the import of products made by a firm in Xinjiang over its use of forced labor, also, blacklisted 28 Chinese entities for their role in the repression of Uighurs and issued visa restrictions on key Chinese officials
* In May 2020, added 33 companies to the United States’ economic blacklist of Chinese companies with ties to China’s military. The Commerce Department explained the banning of these companies, claiming that they are “complicit in human rights violations and abuses committed in China’s campaign of repression, mass arbitrary detention, forced labor and high-technology surveillance against Uighurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other members of Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.”
* In signed into a law an act authorizing sanctions against Chinese officials over the mass detention and surveillance of Uighur Muslims in China's western Xinjiang province. The new legislation is the most significant action by any country to punish China over its treatment of ethnic minorities.

10. Media:
* In February, require five Chinese state-run media organizations to register their personnel and property with the U.S. government, granting them a designation akin to diplomatic entities.The five organizations affected are Xinhua News Agency; China Global Television Network, previously known as CCTV; China Radio International; the parent company of China Daily newspaper; and the parent company of The People’s Daily newspaper. All five meet the definitions of "foreign missions" under the Foreign Missions Act, according to the State Department.
* In March, ordered several Chinese media organizations to dismiss 60 U.S.-based Chinese nationals
* In May, reduced the length of work visas for journalists from China employed by non-U.S. media will be to a maximum of 90 days. Chinese reporters can apply for extensions, each one also limited to 90 days
* In the end of May, after Trump's complained reminding, Twitter has flagged a tweet written in March by a Chinese government spokesman that the US military brought the novel Coronavirus to China, as the social media platform ramps up fact-checking of posts.
* In July, announced that four more Chinese media organizations will be treated as foreign diplomatic missions, including: China Central Television (CCTV), China News Service (China News Service), People’s Daily, and Global Times.

11. Before the epidemic, the US economic performance at the end of 2019
* Unemployment rate remains at 3.5%, a new low since 1969
* During Trump’s three years in power, U.S. stocks soared by more than 50%, ranking first among successive presidents
* Increased recruitment and rising wages have driven consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic output, and its health has helped the economy maintain a stretch of growth that is now in its 11th year.
* In G7 in 2019, the United States is the only country with an economic growth rate of more than 2%
* As of December 2019, the U.S. economy has expanded for a record 126 straight months, the longest time period in the country’s history according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.
* The total market value of the US stock market climbed to a record, 1.5 times GDP
* In 2019, the strong American economy attracts investment from all over the world,bringing the dollar exchange rate to a record high

12. International organizations
* Loudly accused WHO of being very "China-centric" and withdrawn from the WHO by action and refusing to provide funds, the WHO finally admitted on June 30 that it was alerted by its own office in China, and not by China itself, to the first pneumonia cases in Wuhan.
* Trump is even considering to establish a new international health organization to allow the United States to have greater influence
* WTO Secretary-General suddenly resigned in May this year
* Trump even called for reform of outdated United Nations, implying that an new UN organization should based on the common value as democracy and freedom. Hence, he is starting to invite more democratic countries into G7

วิกฤติอาร์เจนตินา ที่รัฐบาลผิดนัดชำระหนี้ /โดย ลงทุนแมน
พันธบัตรรัฐบาลดูเหมือนเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่ปราศจากความเสี่ยง (Risk-free asset)
แต่ในตอนนี้มีอยู่ประเทศหนึ่ง ที่รัฐบาลไม่สามารถหาเงินมาชำระหนี้ได้
ประเทศนั้นชื่อ อาร์เจนตินา
เรื่องนี้มีที่มาเป็นอย่างไร...
Continue ReadingThe Argentina crisis that the government defaults to pay debt / invest manly.
Government bonds seem like risk free assets (Risk-free asset)
But now there is one country where the government can't afford to pay the debt.
That country is Argentina
How does this come to be?
Investing man will tell you about it.
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Year of July. Prof. 2010 Argentina's public debt is at 4.9 trillion baht.
Or about 44 % of GDP

Year of July. Prof. 2019 Argentina's public debt is at 11 trillion baht.
Or about 93 % of GDP

Increasing public debt is creating a heavy problem for Argentina now called Argentina the sick people of South America.

Some may not know that once in the early 20th century, Argentina was one of the world's most wealthy countries.

Because Argentina's farming industry is growing greatly from lands, fertile and climate suitable for agriculture sector.

This story is made in July. B.E. 1913 Argentina is addicted to 1 of the 10 countries with the world's highest population income.

However, time has passed 106 years
In the year. B.E. 2019 Argentina's per capita income falls to 66 of the world.

The beginning of economic fragility of a country is born from 2 main causes.

1. Political unrest, which comes from the Revolution of the military and corruption of cuddle Politicians.

2. Policy implementation of many leaders in the past who wanted to create a nationalist and bring in printing and budget spending, large amounts of balance.

When things are like this, it causes financial burden to the country.

Argentina has experienced various problems like a strong patient.

So how does this affect Argentina?

Year of July. Prof. 2019 The country's inflation rate is at 54 % highest in almost 30 years.
And the 5th highest in the world

During the year of July B.E. 2009-2019 Argentina has a budget deficit every year, making Argentina one of the world's longest budgeted countries.

The government's debt burden is increasingly composed to high-level inflation. This is why the Argentine peso goes down quickly.

If we exchanged $ 1 for Argentina pesos
Year of July. B.E. 2009 will exchange for 3.8 Argentina pesos
Year of July. B.E. 2019 will exchange for 60 Argentina pesos

The country's money is almost 1,480 % weaker. Many people may think that one side of peso money should help the export sector of the country, but it doesn't seem like much. Because today, the export sector is just 14 % of the country's exports. GDP value only

Peso's weakening of money makes the central bank have to use the reserve to keep the money from severely weakening.

But this has reduced the central bank reserve substantially from 2.1 trillion baht in July. B.E. 2018
Only 1.2 trillion baht left now.

Argentina needs help from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) worth over 1.8 trillion baht, which is the most critical country's subsidy in IMF history.

However, another bad joke is
Currently, the public debt burden that the Argentina government has is 80 % in foreign debt and most are in the picture of US dollars.

The weakness of Argentina peso compared to US dollars makes the country's debt increase because more Argentina peso is required to pay the same debt.

We can imagine that 10 years ago
If we owe $ 1
We will spend just 3.8 Argentina pesos to exchange $ 1 to pay back debt.

But come today, we're spending 60 Argentina pesos to exchange $ 1 to pay back debt.

This kind of thing has happened to Thailand in July. Prof. 1997 Many people remember that we need to spend 2 times more money to pay the same debt.

But Argentina is now not 2 times more debt, but ten times more debt..

The Argentina government currently has foreign debt for over 2 trillion baht and recently, the Argentina government has just defaulted to pay the debt (Default). Pay interest in stock loan amounts of over 16,000 million baht.

The government has previously negotiated restructuring debt with creditors to pay down interest and delay debt repayment, but it is rejected by creditors. Now the Argentine government needs to revisit the new offer to negotiate with creditors again.

Which now doesn't know what the final conclusion of this story will be.
But for sure, if the Argentina government can't afford to pay debt to the creditors, the story may be worse than we see now.

While Argentina's debts pay interest for the 9th Argentina in country history after Argentina has experienced total 8 moratorium defaults since Spain independence in July. Prof. 1816 or 204 years ago

This may be a lesson for many countries to learn things from countries that have experienced problems in order to avoid and not follow those countries.

Thailand now seems far from being Argentina
But be careful because everything, if careless, it can always happen..
╔═══════════╗
If you want to know the way of the world economy, you need to understand
World economy 1,000 years. 6th typing.
Order at (get 10 % discount from the cover price of 350 baht)
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References
-https://tradingeconomics.com/argentina/government-debt-to-gdp
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/316929/national-debt-of-argentina-in-relation-to-gross-domestic-product-gdp/
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Argentina
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/316750/inflation-rate-in-argentina/
-https://www.reuters.com/article/us-argentina-economy/argentinas-economic-crisis-explained-in-five-charts-idUSKCN1LD1S7
-https://www.ft.com/content/e6f5c436-37d2-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4
-https://www.statista.com/statistics/316916/argentinas-budget-balance-in-relation-to-gdp/
-https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49429361
-https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/07/argentinas-government-appears-set-to-default-citing-covid-19-pandemic.html
-https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/22/argentina-set-for-default-as-bondholders-reject-new-terms
-https://www.dw.com/en/argentina-in-default-for-second-time-this-century/a-53542302Translated

เศรษฐกิจย่ำแย่ แต่หุ้นขึ้น /โดย ลงทุนแมน
เมื่อไม่กี่วันที่ผ่านมา ธนาคารกลางประเทศอังกฤษคาดการณ์ว่า GDP ปีนี้
จะตกต่ำลงกว่า 14% ซึ่งถือเป็นการลงที่รุนแรงที่สุดในรอบ 300 ปี

300 ปี เป็นตัวเลขที่น่าสนใจเพราะยุคนั้นเป็นยุคของเซอร์ไอแซก นิวตัน
ผู้คิดค้นทฤษฎีแรงโน้มถ่วง หรือประเทศไทยก็คือ ยุคกรุงศรีอยุธยา..
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╚═══════════╝
เรื่องนี้สะท้อนให้เห็นว่าวิกฤติในปีนี้ มีมูลค่าความเสียหายรุนแรง
ยิ่งกว่ายุคสงครามโลกทั้ง 2 ครั้ง และวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจทั้งหมดที่คนรุ่นเราพอจะนึกออก

นอกจากประเทศอังกฤษ อีกหลายประเทศก็กำลังเผชิญหน้า
กับเศรษฐกิจที่ย่ำแย่สุดในรอบประวัติศาสตร์ ไม่ต่างกัน

สัปดาห์ก่อน ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริการายงานตัวเลข
การว่างงานพุ่งทะลุ 20.5 ล้านคน ในเดือนเมษายน
รวมถึงมีรายงานว่าบริษัทอเมริกันยื่นล้มละลายไปแล้วกว่า 78 แห่ง

เรื่องนี้ส่งผลให้อัตราว่างงานชาวอเมริกันอยู่ที่ระดับ 14.7%
ซึ่งถือเป็นระดับที่ย่ำแย่ที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์
นับตั้งแต่ Great Depression ในปี ค.ศ. 1929 หรือ 91 ปีก่อน

วิกฤติในครั้งนั้น ดัชนีตลาดหุ้นสหรัฐอเมริกา (Dow Jones)
ลดลงจากจุดสูงสุดที่ 381.17 จุด ตกลงมาสู่จุดต่ำสุดที่ 41.22 จุด
คิดเป็นการตกลงถึง 89% ภายในระยะเวลา 3 ปี

การตกลง 89% ของตลาดหุ้นในสหรัฐอเมริกาในตอนนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการตกลงของดัชนีตลาดหลักทรัพย์ประเทศไทย
จากจุดสูงสุดที่ 1,789 จุด ตกลงมาสู่จุดต่ำสุด 204 จุด ในช่วงวิกฤติต้มยำกุ้ง ปี พ.ศ. 2540
ซึ่งในปีถัดมา GDP ประเทศไทย ติดลบ 7.6%

ในขณะที่ปีนี้ IMF คาดการณ์ว่า GDP ประเทศไทยปีนี้ จะติดลบ 6.7%

เท่ากับว่าวิกฤติปัจจุบัน ประเทศทั่วโลก รวมถึงประเทศไทยกำลังเผชิญกับเศรษฐกิจตกต่ำรุนแรงสุดครั้งหนึ่งในรอบประวัติศาสตร์

แต่สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นกับตลาดทุน
ทั้งในสหรัฐอเมริกา ไทย รวมถึงทั่วโลก
กลับไม่ได้ตกต่ำรุนแรงเหมือนในอดีต..

แล้วสถานการณ์ตอนนี้กับในอดีต ต่างกันอย่างไร?
ลงทุนแมนจะเล่าให้ฟัง

ถ้าบอกว่าตอนนี้เรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจที่ย่ำแย่สุดในรอบประวัติศาสตร์
ทุกคนก็คงยอมรับ

แต่นโยบายทางการเงินที่ธนาคารกลางหลายประเทศทั่วโลก กำลังทำอยู่ตอนนี้
ก็ถือว่าเป็นนโยบายที่บ้าบิ่นที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์เช่นกัน

เพราะตอนนี้ ธนาคารกลางในหลายประเทศหั่นอัตราดอกเบี้ยนโยบายลง
รวมถึงอัดฉีดเงินเข้าระบบมหาศาล แบบที่ไม่เคยเกิดขึ้นมาก่อน

การอัดฉีดเงินเข้าระบบ หรือ Quantitative Easing (QE) เป็นนโยบายทางการเงิน
ที่เริ่มต้นมาจากประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาในยุควิกฤติซับไพรม์ ปี ค.ศ. 2008
ซึ่งใช้ได้ผลดี และทำให้สหรัฐอเมริกาฟื้นจากวิกฤติมาได้อย่างรวดเร็ว

และก็เหมือนคนเคยเจ็บป่วย กินยาหาย
เมื่อป่วยอีกก็อยากกินยานั้นอีกครั้ง..

ซึ่งรอบนี้ การอัดฉีดเงินในประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาก็ได้วิวัฒนาการเป็น Unlimited Quantitative Easing หรือ การพิมพ์เงินอัดเข้าไปพยุงสภาพคล่อง และธุรกิจไม่จำกัดวงเงิน ไม่จำกัดระยะเวลา

ถึงตอนนี้ธนาคารกลางประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาอัดฉีดเงินเข้าระบบไปแล้วกว่า 1.8 ล้านล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐ หรือ 58 ล้านล้านบาท คิดเป็นกว่า 3.6 เท่าเมื่อเทียบกับ GDP ประเทศไทยปีที่ผ่านมา

ทั้งหมดนี้สะท้อนไปยังความเชื่อมั่นในตลาดทุนที่ฟื้นกลับมาอย่างรวดเร็ว
แม้ว่าจะเกิด Circuit Breaker หลายครั้งในหลายประเทศตลอด 2 เดือนที่ผ่านมา

การฟื้นตัวอย่างรวดเร็วแบบนี้ สะท้อนให้เห็นว่าตอนนี้หลายคนยังมองวิกฤติโรคระบาด
มีแนวโน้มที่กำลังจะสิ้นสุดภายในไม่กี่เดือนที่จะถึงนี้ และนโยบายทางการเงินที่บ้าคลั่งกำลังจะรักษาวิกฤตินี้ได้

อย่างไรก็ตาม ก็ยังไม่มีใครรู้ว่า “สิ่งที่เราต้องจ่าย” จากการดำเนินนโยบายทางการเงินที่บ้าบิ่นขนาดนี้ จะส่งผลกระทบต่อระบบเศรษฐกิจในรูปแบบไหนบ้างในอนาคต

หากทุกอย่างกลับมาเป็นปกติโดยสมบูรณ์
ผู้คนเดินทางเป็นปกติ ไปเที่ยวเป็นปกติ
ความต้องการ กำลังซื้อของเรากลับมาที่จุดเดิม

เงินที่ล้นระบบจากนโยบายทางการเงินในวันนี้
ก็จะถูกทำให้ลดลงในอนาคต

และในวันนั้น
บุคคลที่ติดยา แต่ให้หยุดเสพ
เราก็จะได้รู้กัน ว่าอาการเป็นอย่างไร..
╔═══════════╗
อยากรู้ความเป็นไปของเศรษฐกิจโลก ต้องเข้าใจอดีต

เศรษฐกิจโลก 1,000 ปี พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 5

หนังสือเล่มนี้จะพูดถึงประวัติเศรษฐกิจโลกตั้งแต่ปี ค.ศ.1100 ไล่ยาวไปจนถึง ค.ศ.2019

สั่งซื้อได้ที่ (ซื้อตอนนี้มีส่วนลด 10% จากราคาปก 350 บาท)

Lazada : https://www.lazada.co.th/p…/1000-i714570154-s1368712682.html

Shopee : https://shopee.co.th/product/116732911/6716121161
╚═══════════╝
ติดตามลงทุนแมนได้ที่
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References
-https://www.history.com/…/great-de…/great-depression-history
-https://www.thebalance.com/the-great-depression-of-1929-330…
-https://www.bloomberg.com/…/fed-slows-treasury-buying-again…
-https://www.investopedia.com/t…/a/asian-financial-crisis.asp
-https://www.britannica.com/event/Asian-financial-crisis
-tradingview.com
-investing.com
Economy is bad but stocks are up / by Investing Man.
A few days ago, the British Central Bank predicted GDP this year.
Going down 14 % which is the most severe down in 300 years.

300 years are interesting numbers because that era is Sir Isaac Newton era.
The inventor of gravity theory or Thailand is the era of Krungsri Ayutthaya..
╔═══════════╗
Blockdit Analytical Article Source
Deep content penetrating
Recently, a podcast feature has been published.
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╚═══════════╝
This reflects this year's crisis worth of severe damage.
Even more than the 2 world wars era and all economic crisis that our generation can imagine.

Apart from England, many other countries are facing.
With the worst economy in history, there is no difference.

Last week USA reported numbers
Unemployment surpassed 20.5 million people in April.
Including 78 American companies have been filed bankruptcy.

This resulted in the American unemployment rate at 14.7 % level.
Which is the worst level in history.
Since Great Depression in July Prof. 1929 or 91 years ago

Crisis at that time, U.S. stock market index (Dow Jones)
Dropped from 381.17th highs, fell to 41.22th lowest point.
Think about 89 % in 3 years.

A 89 % deal of U.S. stock market at that time was close to the agreement of the Thailand Stock Exchange Index.
From the highest point at 1,789 points, I fell to the lowest point of 204 points during the crisis. Tom Yum Kung Pip. B.E. 2540
GDP Thailand is 7.6 % negative.

While this year, IMF predicts GDP Thailand will be 6.7 % negative.

It's equal to the current crisis, countries around the world, including Thailand, are facing the most severe economic crash once in history.

But what happened to the capital market
Both in USA, Thailand and around the world.
Back to back, not as severe as in the past..

So what's the difference between now and past situation?
Investing man will tell you about it.

If we say we are now in the worst economic crisis in history
Everyone would accept it.

But the monetary policy that many central banks around the world are doing now.
It's considered the craziest policy in history too.

Because now, central banks in different countries cut interest rate policies down.
Including pumping money into the system like never before.

Pumping money into a system or Quantitative Easing (QE) is a monetary policy.
Starting from USA in subprime crisis era B.E. 2008
Which works well and quickly revives the U.S. crisis.

And it's like someone who has been sick. Take medicine to heal.
When I'm sick again, I want to take that pill again..

This time, the money pumping in USA evolves into Unlimited Quantitative Easing or printing money to support liquidity and business. Unlimited amount of money. No time limit.

Until now, the Central Bank of USA has pumped over 1.8 trillion USD or 58 trillion Baht. It's more than 3.6 times compared to GDP Thailand last year.

This all reflects confidence in rapidly reviving capital markets.
Despite the Circuit Breaker many times in different countries for the last 2 months.

A speedy recovery like this reflects that many people are still looking at the epidemic crisis.
It's likely to end within the next few months and insane monetary policies are going to cure this crisis.

However, no one knows what ′′ we have to pay ′′ from implementing this crazy financial policy will impact future economic system.

If everything is completely back to normal
People travel normally, go on a regular trip.
Our purchase demands are back at the same spot.

Money overflowing from monetary policy today
Will be dropped in the future

And on that day
A person who is addicted to drugs but stop using them.
We will know how the symptoms are..
╔═══════════╗
If you want to know the possibility of the world economy, you must understand the

World economy 1,000 years. 5th typing.

This book will talk about the world economic history from July. Prof. 1100 will keep chasing until July. B.E. 2019

Order at (Buy now and get 10 % discount from the cover price of 350 baht)

Lazada: https://www.lazada.co.th/products/1000-i714570154-s1368712682.html

Shopee: https://shopee.co.th/product/116732911/6716121161
╚═══════════╝
Follow to invest in man at
Website - longtunman.com
Blockdit-blockdit.com/longtunman
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References
-https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/great-depression-history
-https://www.thebalance.com/the-great-depression-of-1929-3306033
-https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-08/fed-slows-treasury-buying-again-to-7-billion-a-day-next-week
-https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asian-financial-crisis.asp
-https://www.britannica.com/event/Asian-financial-crisis
-tradingview.com
-investing.comTranslated

#AntoniGaudíarchitect #SagradaFamília #安東尼高第 #西班牙建築師 #西班牙菜 #spanishcuisinedishes #聖家堂 #米拉之家
#casamila #巴塞隆拿自由行攻略 #Barcelona #巴塞隆納

眼睛去旅行, 睇咗當去咗!

巴塞隆拿具有悠久歷史，且沿海擁有迷人的地中海海岸線(La Isla Bonita)，在近代亦曾出現了高第（Gaudi）、多明尼克等多位建築天才，是一個「很有個性」的城市。造訪巴塞隆拿第一樣你要知道的並不是匯率、也不是那裹可以大血拼，而是被譽為「上帝的建築師」——高第。提到巴塞隆拿景點，高第設計的建築作品必定要列入巴塞隆拿行程中，當中共有七項被列為世界遺產，例如：在他去逝後到現在超過90年都還未建成的聖家堂（Sagrada Família），是每個遊客必定會驚嘆不已的作品。

高第的建築作品必定要參觀欣賞，像米拉之家（Casa Milà）和巴特婁之家 （Casa Batlló）也是巴塞隆拿必去景點之一。

一次過嘗盡十幾個西班牙名菜, 將會不日放映, 講解一下西班牙的飲食文化。

請用片右下角調4K睇片。
http://yt1.piee.pw/KBY3Z

La Boqueria Market 是巴塞隆拿必去市場, 咁豐富嘅內容, 一定不容錯過!

Barcelona has a long history and has a charming Mediterranean coastline (La Isla Bonita). In modern times, there have been many architectural geniuses such as Gaudi and Dominic. It is a “very individual” city. . The first thing you need to know when visiting Barcelona is not the exchange rate, nor the shopping spots, but the "architect of God" - Gaudí. Referring to the attractions of Barcelona, ​​Gaudí’s architectural works must be included in the Barcelona tour, and seven of them are listed as World Heritage sites, for example, they have not been built since the death of him for more than 90 years. Sagrada Família is a work that every visitor will surely marvel at.

The architectural works of Gaudí must be visited, like Casa Milà and Casa Batlló, one of the must-see attractions in Barcelona.

After a taste of more than a dozen Spanish dishes, it will be shown in my coming videos to explain the Spanish food culture.

La Boqueria Market is a must-see for the market in Barcelona, ​​so you don't want to miss it! Don't u!!!