【美國婦女平權運動一百年:從 #開放婦女選舉權 到金斯堡 #女性主義訴訟運動】全文:https://bit.ly/2ROLRXG
美國女權平權運動,從爭取婦女選舉權開始,至今年正好是一百年。而金斯堡作為律師時開啟的女性主義訴訟運動,以及後期在大法官位置上捍衛性別平等的作為,在歷史上之所以如此重要,其中一項原因便是美國憲法的特殊性。
在美國原始的憲法藍圖中,其實並沒有「性別平等」的相關內容。正是在這樣的環境下,金斯堡在訴訟中努力爭取婦女平權,以爭取憲法「第十四修正案」適用於女性的平等權利。
另一方面,在立法遊說上,她也爭取推動修憲增訂 #平權條款(Equal Rights Amendment),雖然未成功,但透過她的努力,主流意見多認為美國已幾乎接近事實上的性別平等,已無需再另外增修憲法...
#延伸閱讀
宋昱嫻:起訴少、定罪難,美國檢察官課責警暴的阻力與改革👉https://bit.ly/2Dk96oy
黎班:大法官金斯伯格逝世,共和黨和民主黨都有哪些選擇?👉https://bit.ly/2RJew0j
😽一人限定、多人團購,暢閱不受限! #學生方案:https://bit.ly/3bUODnu
😽 用你選擇的媒體,決定你看見的世界 #加入會員:http://bit.ly/2wVfM6g
😽 小端也有玩推特,歡迎關注我們:@initiumnews
#端傳媒 #性別平等
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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equal rights amendment 在 周庭 Agnes Chow Ting Facebook 的最讚貼文
【香港眾志就特區政府於7月9日回應反送中運動之聲明】
#消滅惡法不留餘地
特首林鄭月娥於今早會見傳媒,回應「反送中」運動的訴求以及公佈施政改善措施。對於政府依然未全面回應示威者五項主要訴求,我們感到十分遺憾。我們要求特首直接明確宣佈逃犯條例修訂草案已全面撤回,以免任何「語言偽術」令條例存有死灰復燃的空間,承諾未來絕不會重啟立法程序。
#必須獨立調查警暴
警察暴力以及濫權已是香港市民感到極為憤怒的社會問題,無數和平示威者因警方的無理暴力而受到極大創傷。政府公佈以監警會調查作為解決問題的切入點,然而監警會被戲稱「無牙老虎」,缺乏實質調查權,現時傾側於建制派的委任名單以及過去相對保守的工作方針,亦顯示其公正性以及公信力備受質疑。政府應馬上設立由法官領導的獨立調查委員會,徹底調查整場運動中警方的濫權問題,包括但不限於6月12日警方開鎗責任,以確保示威者於未來遊行集會的人身安全。
#民主普選唯一出路
政府亦提出將改革諮詢委員會的架構制度,尤其集中於改組青年事務委員會,以作廣泛吸納意見。我們認為此舉無補於事,皆因政府已經將年輕人代表推向對立面,以取消資格、監禁等手段打壓他們的基本人權及政治自由。如若政府希望修補關係,律政司司長應立即承諾停止檢控示威者,以及不再以任何手段剝奪年輕世代的參選及議員資格。
正如特首於記者會中言明,近期的反送中運動是始於社會深層次矛盾。政府要解決現狀,必需要有針對政制改革的倡議,改善政府缺乏認受性的問題。政府應馬上在8.31框架外重啟政改,落實立法會及特首選舉的雙普選,還港人平等的選舉權利。
Demosistō’s Statement on the HKSAR Government’s 9 July Response Regarding the Anti-Extradition Movement
Chief Executive Carrie Lam spoke with members of the press this morning, responding to the anti-extradition movement’s demands and announcing new governing policies. However, we regret that the government is still unable to respond fully to protesters’ five major demands. We request the chief executive to clearly announce the complete withdrawal of the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance amendment bill, to prevent the possibility that a play of words gives the legislation room to survive. We also request her promise not to restart the legislative process.
The police’s violence and abuse of power have become an important issue angering many Hong Kong citizens. Numerous peaceful protesters have been hurt by the police’s use of excessive and unreasonable force. The government has announced that it intends to solve the problem through the Independent Police Complaints Council, but this council has been ridiculed as ‘a tiger without teeth’, since it lacks actual powers to investigate. It is currently also comprised of members from the pro-establishment camp in addition to its past record of conservative work policy, both of which are reasons to doubt its fairness and credibility. The government should therefore immediately establish an independent public inquiry unit led by a judge, which can investigate the use of police power throughout the entire anti-extradition movement, including but not limited to the 12 June decision to fire, in order to ensure protesters’ safety in future demonstrations.
The government has also proposed to improve the advisory committee’s structure, especially focusing on reforming the Commission on Youth, as a way of obtaining broader public opinion. We think this move is meaningless, since the government has long considered the younger generations as its enemies, assaulting their basic human rights and political freedoms through such means as disqualification and imprisonment. If the government intends to repair these relations, the Secretary for Justice to immediately promise to cease prosecuting protesters and not to disqualify the younger generations’ election candidacies or elected offices.
As the chief executive notes at the press conference, the recent anti-extradition movement began with deep-rooted social conflicts. Therefore, for the government to resolve the present crisis, it must not shy away from political reforms, which is the answer to the government’s own lack of legitimacy. The government should immediately restart such process that moves beyond the framework set on 31 August 2014 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, returning to Hong Kongers our equal rights within the political structure.
—————————————————
🔸撤回《逃犯條例》修訂草案
🔸修正612暴動定性,停止搜捕抗爭者
🔸追究暴力鎮壓責任
🔸落實民主選舉
—————————————————
🏃♂️成為眾志義工 www.demosisto.hk/joinus
💰月捐支持眾志 www.demosisto.hk/donation
equal rights amendment 在 鄭家朗 Isaac Cheng Facebook 的精選貼文
【香港眾志就特區政府於7月9日回應反送中運動之聲明】
#消滅惡法不留餘地
特首林鄭月娥於今早會見傳媒,回應「反送中」運動的訴求以及公佈施政改善措施。對於政府依然未全面回應示威者五項主要訴求,我們感到十分遺憾。我們要求特首直接明確宣佈逃犯條例修訂草案已全面撤回,以免任何「語言偽術」令條例存有死灰復燃的空間,承諾未來絕不會重啟立法程序。
#必須獨立調查警暴
警察暴力以及濫權已是香港市民感到極為憤怒的社會問題,無數和平示威者因警方的無理暴力而受到極大創傷。政府公佈以監警會調查作為解決問題的切入點,然而監警會被戲稱「無牙老虎」,缺乏實質調查權,現時傾側於建制派的委任名單以及過去相對保守的工作方針,亦顯示其公正性以及公信力備受質疑。政府應馬上設立由法官領導的獨立調查委員會,徹底調查整場運動中警方的濫權問題,包括但不限於6月12日警方開鎗責任,以確保示威者於未來遊行集會的人身安全。
#民主普選唯一出路
政府亦提出將改革諮詢委員會的架構制度,尤其集中於改組青年事務委員會,以作廣泛吸納意見。我們認為此舉無補於事,皆因政府已經將年輕人代表推向對立面,以取消資格、監禁等手段打壓他們的基本人權及政治自由。如若政府希望修補關係,律政司司長應立即承諾停止檢控示威者,以及不再以任何手段剝奪年輕世代的參選及議員資格。
正如特首於記者會中言明,近期的反送中運動是始於社會深層次矛盾。政府要解決現狀,必需要有針對政制改革的倡議,改善政府缺乏認受性的問題。政府應馬上在8.31框架外重啟政改,落實立法會及特首選舉的雙普選,還港人平等的選舉權利。
【香港眾志就特區政府於7月9日回應反送中運動之聲明】
#消滅惡法不留餘地
特首林鄭月娥於今早會見傳媒,回應「反送中」運動的訴求以及公佈施政改善措施。對於政府依然未全面回應示威者五項主要訴求,我們感到十分遺憾。我們要求特首直接明確宣佈逃犯條例修訂草案已全面撤回,以免任何「語言偽術」令條例存有死灰復燃的空間,承諾未來絕不會重啟立法程序。
#必須獨立調查警暴
警察暴力以及濫權已是香港市民感到極為憤怒的社會問題,無數和平示威者因警方的無理暴力而受到極大創傷。政府公佈以監警會調查作為解決問題的切入點,然而監警會被戲稱「無牙老虎」,缺乏實質調查權,現時傾側於建制派的委任名單以及過去相對保守的工作方針,亦顯示其公正性以及公信力備受質疑。政府應馬上設立由法官領導的獨立調查委員會,徹底調查整場運動中警方的濫權問題,包括但不限於6月12日警方開鎗責任,以確保示威者於未來遊行集會的人身安全。
#民主普選唯一出路
政府亦提出將改革諮詢委員會的架構制度,尤其集中於改組青年事務委員會,以作廣泛吸納意見。我們認為此舉無補於事,皆因政府已經將年輕人代表推向對立面,以取消資格、監禁等手段打壓他們的基本人權及政治自由。如若政府希望修補關係,律政司司長應立即承諾停止檢控示威者,以及不再以任何手段剝奪年輕世代的參選及議員資格。
正如特首於記者會中言明,近期的反送中運動是始於社會深層次矛盾。政府要解決現狀,必需要有針對政制改革的倡議,改善政府缺乏認受性的問題。政府應馬上在8.31框架外重啟政改,落實立法會及特首選舉的雙普選,還港人平等的選舉權利。
Demosistō’s Statement on the HKSAR Government’s 9 July Response Regarding the Anti-Extradition Movement
Chief Executive Carrie Lam spoke with members of the press this morning, responding to the anti-extradition movement’s demands and announcing new governing policies. However, we regret that the government is still unable to respond fully to protesters’ five major demands. We request the chief executive to clearly announce the complete withdrawal of the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance amendment bill, to prevent the possibility that a play of words gives the legislation room to survive. We also request her promise not to restart the legislative process.
The police’s violence and abuse of power have become an important issue angering many Hong Kong citizens. Numerous peaceful protesters have been hurt by the police’s use of excessive and unreasonable force. The government has announced that it intends to solve the problem through the Independent Police Complaints Council, but this council has been ridiculed as ‘a tiger without teeth’, since it lacks actual powers to investigate. It is currently also comprised of members from the pro-establishment camp in addition to its past record of conservative work policy, both of which are reasons to doubt its fairness and credibility. The government should therefore immediately establish an independent public inquiry unit led by a judge, which can investigate the use of police power throughout the entire anti-extradition movement, including but not limited to the 12 June decision to fire, in order to ensure protesters’ safety in future demonstrations.
The government has also proposed to improve the advisory committee’s structure, especially focusing on reforming the Commission on Youth, as a way of obtaining broader public opinion. We think this move is meaningless, since the government has long considered the younger generations as its enemies, assaulting their basic human rights and political freedoms through such means as disqualification and imprisonment. If the government intends to repair these relations, the Secretary for Justice to immediately promise to cease prosecuting protesters and not to disqualify the younger generations’ election candidacies or elected offices.
As the chief executive notes at the press conference, the recent anti-extradition movement began with deep-rooted social conflicts. Therefore, for the government to resolve the present crisis, it must not shy away from political reforms, which is the answer to the government’s own lack of legitimacy. The government should immediately restart such process that moves beyond the framework set on 31 August 2014 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, returning to Hong Kongers our equal rights within the political structure.
—————————————————
🔸撤回《逃犯條例》修訂草案
🔸修正612暴動定性,停止搜捕抗爭者
🔸追究暴力鎮壓責任
🔸落實民主選舉
—————————————————
🏃♂️成為眾志義工 www.demosisto.hk/joinus
💰月捐支持眾志 www.demosisto.hk/donation
equal rights amendment 在 Will the Equal Rights Amendment Finally Be Added ... - YouTube 的必吃
The Equal Rights Amendment, which would codify gender equality in the U.S. Constitution, has been introduced in every session of Congress ... ... <看更多>