關於 cdc course ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

美國 CDC 官員在演講時說，因為 65 歲以上的老人白人太多少數族群太少有種族歧視的問題，所以優先把疫苗給他們在倫理道德上是扣分的。

我真的很傻眼。

#不知道這有沒有成為美國疫苗注射的指引
#希望沒有
#文章在連結

And yet, the presentation concluded that science does not provide a reason to prioritize the elderly. For, as Kathleen Dooling wrote in one of the most jaw-dropping sentences I have ever seen in a document written by a public official, differences in expected consequences that could amount to thousands of additional deaths are “minimal.”

This allowed Dooling to focus on “ethical” principles in selecting the best course of action. Highlighting the most important consideration in red, Dooling emphasized that “racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented among adults > 65.” In other words, America’s elderly are too white to be considered a top priority for the distribution of the vaccine against Covid. It is on this basis that ACIP awarded three times as many points to prioritizing the more racially diverse group of essential workers, making the crucial difference in the overall determination. Astonishingly, the higher overall death toll that would have resulted from this course of action does not feature as an ethical reason to prioritize older Americans.

Hi everyone, I'm Evelyn, a hospital based physiotherapist.

For the past few days, I saw there's many doubts regarding the current respiratory illness outbreak issue, masks issue etc. in the group and of course everyone would like to protect their loved ones. As a healthcare professional, I hope that I can help to clarify doubts, spread awareness and stop unnecessary rumours through this post.

It will be a long post as I will include:
- What is Wuhan Coronavirus
- Do's and Dont's
- Hand Hygiene (Hand rub and hand wash)
- Suitable mask types

Hope everyone can spend some time to read this and educate your family / friends.
_______________________________________

> What is Wuhan Coronavirus?

It is a novel (new) coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which continues to expand in a few countries (as of now) including the United States. It is also known by the name "2019-nCoV"

SYMPTOMS & COMPLICATIONS INCLUDES:
- fever
- cough
- shortness of breath
Ranges from mildly sick to severely ill and dying. Symptoms may appear as few as 2 days or as long as 14 days after exposure.

TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS

Direct: Person-to-person contact and happened mainly via respiratory droplets produced (infected person coughs or sneeze).

For example: coughs or sneeze onto the hand / tissue / handkerchief and touches other people without washing hand properly.

Indirect: Any surfaces that may have contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets.

For example: handles on the train, escalator, hand wash sink, public phone, trolley / baskets in supermarket, common used cutlery in a buffet restaurant and many more.
_______________________________________________

> Do's and Dont's during this period of time

DO'S
✔️ Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 - 30 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

✔️Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, disposed tissue properly in trash 🤧
*Refer picture below for COUGH MANNERS

✔️Clean and disinfect frequenly touched objects and surfaces.

✔️Wear a mask if you have to go out to crowded places

DONT'S

❌ Avoid touching eyes, nose, mouth with UNWASHED HANDS.

❌ Avoid close contact if you're sick / with people who are sick, stay home when you're sick

❌ Avoid huge crowded places especially for kids and when you are not well
____________________________________________

👐 Hand Hygiene

- Hand rub : only use alcohol-based hand sanitizers, preferably medical grades, avoid buying non-recognized brands / with heavy fragrance. Please read the label before buying. Not necessary to buy expensive type.

* Refer picture below for HANDRUB steps

**VIDEO from WHO: How to handrub? With alcohol-based formulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnSjFr6J9HI

- Hand wash: best to use antibacterial soap, not necessary to buy.

*Refer picture below for HANDWASH steps

**VIDEO from WHO: How to handwash? With soap and water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PmVJQUCm4E

----------------------------

It is necessary to follow the steps for either hand rub or hand wash to cover all the frequently missed area in our hands that is prone for bacteria growth/ attachments.
*Refer picture below for FREQUENTLY MISSED AREA

ALWAYS REMEMBER 3 : 1
3 times hand rub, 1 times hand wash.
It means that after maximum of 3 times using hand sanitizer, the 4th time is a hand wash. Shall not exceed 3 times of hand rub, as your hands will have a layer of dirt/ dust, thus increase bacteria growth.
_________________________________________________
😷 Suitable type of MASK

Only surgical mask 3-ply is suitable, definitely not Pitta mask / cotton mask / paper mask / charcoal mask.

To clarify, there's only 1 type of surgical mask (green, blue or white) 3ply, ear-loop or tie string.

-Surgical mask have a layer of fluid barrier (color layer) to prevent respiratory droplets from other users entering the mask layers. It is also breathable as it fits loosely. SHOW YOUR COLOR (color layer facing outwards)

-MASK DOES NOT NEED TO FIT TIGHTLY as we still need air particles to breathe.

[Myth: tie string surgical mask cost a lot more expensive because they're for SURGEON USE.]

[Truth: It is incorrect. It cost only slightly higher due to the manufacturing for the strings. Surgeon uses tie string masks because it minimizes the risk of mask falling out throughout the surgery. And in hospitals, nurses or healthcare professionals with tudung uses tie string masks as the ear-loops ones are slightly inconvenient. ]

You definitely do not need N95 mask, as we only use it in hospitals when a healthcare professional have to be in contact with infected patients in the isolation room. N95 masks is denser, harder to breathe in, and definitely not suitable for children!
If the virus is airborne, it is most likely smaller than 0.3 microns, where N95 will not give you any extra protection.

Children mask: Although protecting children is very important, it is not necessary to source for children's face mask tirelessly, especially when they're around 4 - 5 years and above. You can use regular surgical mask and create a knot at each of the ear loop to tighten the face mask in order to snuggle the child's face slightly better.
*Refer the mask picture below. (knotting the ear loops)
____________________________________________

> HOW LONG SHOULD I USE 1 MASK?
If you're not sick, mask is not soiled / soaked in sweat, the mask can be use throughout the day, disposed at the end of the day.

- Mask should be kept in a CLEAN zipper bag if you wish to reuse it (e.g: after lunch break or dinner break)
you should not fold the mask and keep it in your bag / pocket / handbag / under your mobile for reuse

- Mask should be disposed once soiled (e.g.: sweat, any fluid, or dropped on the floor)
If you're sick, please change masks frequently, disposed them properly in the trash.

WASH YOUR HANDS before and after removing / putting on a mask.
_____________________________________________

It is important to note that how easily a virus spreads, in order to better understand the risk associated, and prevention steps.

* Please do confirm the source of a particular info before spreading or worrying as there's a lot of false news / posts out there.

I hope this post can clarify most of your doubts and put an end to some of the rumors out there.

Please share this info and educate your family and friends, spread awareness ESPECIALLY prevention (HAND HYGIENE). It is important for kids to learn how to protect themselves as easy by doing correct hand hygiene.

Protect loved ones, DO PRACTICE CORRECT HAND HYGIENE OFTEN.

Thank you so much for your time.
Regards,
Evelyn.
_______________________________________________
Info source: CDC, WHO, Google
Image source: WHO, CHP HK, Google Image
Video source: WHO Youtube

因應新型冠狀病毒肺炎公告 ：

全校教職員工生大家好，新年快樂！

因應季節性流感及新型冠狀病毒肺炎頻傳，請特別留意：

一、自中國大陸返台之教職員工生，不論有無症狀，請戴口罩自主健康管理，進行早晚體溫監控14天，避免出入公共場所，並主動至「國立清華大學衛保組校園傳染病防治調查」( http://0rz.tw/kZFPt ) 填報。

二、如出現發燒（超過37.5℃）、呼吸道不適等類流感症狀：
(1)14天內自高風險（如中國大陸）地區返國入境：請撥1922依指示就醫，戴好口罩，就醫時，請告知醫師旅遊史、接觸史及不適症狀等。
(2)「非」自高風險（如中國大陸）地區返國入境：請戴口罩就醫，就醫時，請告知醫師旅遊史、接觸史及不適症狀等。

三、校內傳染病通報：
衛保組03-5743000(上班週一至五8-17)或
生輔組03-5711814(24小時)

四、只要仍存有呼吸道症狀就應持續戴口罩。

五、教室及大型活動應進行環境漂白水消毒，並採限制單一入口，進入一律應進行體溫測量，發燒即速進行校內傳染病通報。

六、環境消毒建議：
(1)一般的環境：如教室桌面、電腦鍵盤、電梯按鍵與面板、樓梯公共把手、家具、廚房，消毒使用1：100的稀釋漂白水（500 ppm）；
(2)浴室或馬桶表面：使用1：10的稀釋漂白水（5000 ppm）消毒；
(3)消毒應該每天一次，並使用“當天”泡製的漂白水；
(4)室內空氣須維持良好通風及空氣清潔。

七、校園傳染病防治及環境消毒注意事項提醒 http://0rz.tw/Csnsd

八、春節期間依據台灣衛生福利部疾病管制署（CDC）新聞稿表示，近期2019新型冠狀病毒（2019nCoV）至2020年1月28日台灣地區已有7例境外移入嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎病例（即武漢肺炎病例），教育部依據中央流行疫情指揮中心所召開會議並做成決議，請陸生入境務必配合法令執行，以免觸法。
（一）陸生即日起至2月9日暫緩來台。
（二）針對2020年1月26日前已自大陸返臺之同學，依「是否到過武漢地區」分成「自主健康管理」及「集中檢疫管理」兩類，必須配合法令進行14日之防疫管理，如未確實遵守各項健康監測規定，係違反「傳染病防治法」第 48條，依同法第 67條可處新臺幣 6萬至 30萬元不等罰鍰。
【若同學於1月26日前已自大陸返臺，並請同時配合通報本校衛生保健組的「校園傳染病防治調查」，通報網 http://0rz.tw/kZFPt 】。
（三）陸生來臺時，也必須配合詳實填列「旅客入境健康聲明卡」（中港澳來臺者均須填報）。

九、彈性修業方面，本校將參考教育部建議，視疫情發展考量個案特殊性酌予安排，同學因防疫無法如期返校者，開學註册時間可專案處理，至多延後6週；學校刻正研擬彈性修業方案，屆時若無法於延後之6週內返校且無修課替代方案時，因已有三分之一課程無法參加，始建議同學辦理休學，休學不計入學則規定休學期限。其他選課、成績考核、請假等彈性措施，請同學隨時留意本校網頁最新消息公告。修業相關問題，可寄信到教務處信箱洽詢： academic@my.nthu.edu.tw ，或於上班時間電洽+886 3 5719134。

同時，也提醒大家最近應注意營養、睡眠、運動、情緒、飲水量、作息等，以維持良好免疫抵抗力，勤肥皂洗手，戴口罩，減少出入密閉空間及通風不良場所，若有發燒、咳嗽、腹瀉、肌肉酸痛與身體不舒服症狀，請務必撥打本校衛保組03-5743000 (上班週一至五8-17)或校安中心專線(生輔組) 03-5711814 (24小時)。

敬祝
身心康泰 平安喜樂

國立清華大學
校園安全傳染病防治小組　敬上
2020年1月29日

In view of the recent spreading of 2019 new coronavirus (2019nCoV), please attend to the following notices so as to maintain the health and safety on campus.

1. All NTHU faculty, staff, and students returning from mainland China, regardless of symptoms, please wear surgical masks, monitor body temperature for 14 days in the morning and evening, avoid public areas, and make a report on the NTHU Website for Disease Control (http://0rz.tw/kZFPt).

2. In case of fever or flu-like symptoms ( > 37.5°C, running nose, sore throat, etc.):
(1) Within 14 days after returning from high-risk areas (e.g. Mainland China): Please dial 1922 for medical treatment and wear surgical masks according to the instructions. When you seek medical treatment, please inform the doctor of your travel history, contact history, and symptoms.
(2) After returning from other areas: Please wear surgical masks and seek medical treatment. Inform the doctor of your travel history, contact history, and symptoms.

3. Hotline on campus:
​Division of Health Service 03-5743000 (Monday to Friday 8-17)
Division of Student Affairs 03-5711814 (24 hours).

4. Continue to wear a surgical mask if respiratory symptoms persist.

5. Classrooms and large-scale activities should be disinfected with diluted bleach. Single exit should be maintained and everyone should take temperature on entrance. Anyone with a fever, should be notified immediately through campus infection report channel.

6. Suggestions for environmental disinfection:
(1) General objects: such as classroom desktops, computer keyboards, elevator panels, stair handles, furniture, kitchen utensils: disinfection using 1:100 diluted bleach (500 ppm)
(2) Surface in bathroom or toilet: disinfection with 1:10 diluted bleach (5000 ppm)
(3) Disinfect the environment at least once a day and use the bleach made that day.
(4) Maintain well cleansed and ventilated indoors.

7. For more information on infectious disease prevention and environmental disinfection on campus, please visit https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En.

8. According to the new regulations of the Ministry of Education, students from Mainland China are asked to cooperate to void violation of the law.
(1) Entrance to Taiwan is suspended until February 9.
(2) Students who have returned to Taiwan before January 26 need to exercise autonomous health management or centralized quarantine management depending on whether they have been to the Wuhan area or not. Failing to abide by the health monitoring regulations is a violation of Article 48 of the "Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Law", and can be punished with a penalty ranging from NT$60,000 to 300,000 in accordance with Article 67 of the same law. For NTHU students, please also make a report on the NTHU Website for Disease Control (http://0rz.tw/kZFPt).

9. For those students who are affected by the disease and cannot return to continue their study on campus in time, we will refer to the Ministry of Education's recommendations and make special arrangements. Registration for the semester may be postponed up to 6 weeks. In the event that registration within 6 weeks is not possible and there is no other alternative course plan in place, it is recommended that students take a leave of the semester because one-third of the semester has passed. The leave of absence will not be counted towards the graduation regulation. More information on course selection, performance assessment, and leave of absence, please refer to the announcements on our website. Questions related to courses can be sent to the Academic Affairs Office: academic@my.nthu.edu.tw or contact us at +886 3 5719134 during office hours.

Once again, please be reminded to attend to you nutrition, sleep, exercise, mood, water intake, and rest in order to maintain immune resistance. Wash your hands with soap, wear a surgical mask, reduce access to closed spaces and poorly ventilated areas. Any symptoms of fever, cough, muscle ache, and physical discomfort, please call Division of Health Service 03-5743000 (Monday to Friday 8-17) or Division of Student Affairs 03-5711814 (24 hours).