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【西班牙生活 ～ 暖氣】
這幾天寒流來襲，氣溫下降，但是，通常在西班牙幾乎所有的公共場合（例如餐廳、商店）都有暖氣，沒到戶外不會冷。
所以，一進室內就要脫外套，因為在室內穿外套會流汗，有時暖氣強到可以穿薄長袖或是短袖衣服，因此，西班牙人習慣在冬天穿三層衣服，內衣、普通長袖衣服（長袖衣服不需要多厚重）跟厚外套，上車、進到室內就脫外套，到室外就穿上外套，這樣才不會因溫差變化而著涼。
附圖就是西班牙人家裡常見的熱水暖氣系統，熱水暖爐利用天然氣或是柴油（現在還有使用生物質 Biomass、顆粒燃料 Pellet fuel ... 等）將水燒熱，透過水管讓熱水在各廳房回流，圖中白色的是散熱器（通常是白色的，現在也有漆其他顏色的），每個廳房都會有一個散熱器，這樣就能將熱能平均地傳遍全屋，室內保持溫暖的恆溫，而且不需要燒熱水，家裡隨時有熱水可以洗手、洗澡、洗東西。
而這個熱水暖氣系統的散熱器是貓咪😸的最愛😻，他們喜歡溫暖的地方，所以喜歡在散熱器上面（或裡面、或下面）睡午覺😴
留言照片是聖保羅醫院的舊照片，從照片裡可以看到暖氣系統的散熱器，有參觀過的人應該有印象。
#西班牙 #生活
這是美國聯邦環保署官網上對於「綠能 Green Energy」、「再生能源 Renewable Energy」、「傳統能源 Conventional Energy」能源類別的規類認定。
特別是對於環保生態的有益程度來說，美國聯邦環保署很明確的認定綠能優於其他各種能源類別，是對於環保生態最有益的能源類別，其次為再生能源類別，對於環境生態最不友善的類別是傳统能源。傳統能源包括兩大項目，分別是化石燃料能源（即火力發電類別）以及核能。
美國聯邦環保署解釋，核電在整個生命週期的過程中，在起源的採礦、提煉、製造核燃料的過程中，以及核後端處理的漫長過程中（包括核電廠廢爐除役過程、核廢料短中長期各階段的處理、貯放過程）都無可避免的會對環境生態造成負面影響。
What is Green Power? (這是USEPA 美國聯邦環保署官方網站上對於"綠電(Green Power)的符合資格認定的說明與解釋的完整內容)
The U.S. energy supply is composed of a wide variety of energy resources; however, not all energy resources have the same environmental benefits and costs.
Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit. The U.S. voluntary market defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. Customers often buy green power for its zero emissions profile and carbon footprint reduction benefits.
Renewable energy includes resources that rely on fuel sources that restore themselves over short periods of time and do not diminish. Such fuel sources include the sun, wind, moving water, organic plant and waste material (eligible biomass), and the earth's heat (geothermal). Although the impacts are small, some renewable energy technologies can have an impact on the environment. For example, large hydroelectric resources can have environmental trade-offs on such issues as fisheries and land use.
Conventional power includes the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) and the nuclear fission of uranium. Fossil fuels have environmental costs from mining, drilling, or extraction, and emit greenhouse gases and air pollution during combustion. Although nuclear power generation emits no greenhouse gases during power generation, it does require mining, extraction, and long-term radioactive waste storage.
The following graphic depicts how the U.S. Voluntary market defines green power based on its relative environmental benefits.
原始內容請見美國聯邦環保署官網 :
https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power
這是美國聯邦環保署官網上對於「綠能 Green Energy」、「再生能源 Renewable Energy」、「傳統能源 Conventional Energy」能源類別的規類認定。
特別是對於環保生態的有益程度來說，美國聯邦環保署很明確的認定綠能優於其他各種能源類別，是對於環保生態最有益的能源類別，其次為再生能源類別，對於環境生態最不友善的類別是傳统能源。傳統能源包括兩大項目，分別是化石燃料能源（即火力發電類別）以及核能。
美國聯邦環保署解釋，核電在整個生命週期的過程中，在起源的採礦、提煉、製造核燃料的過程中，以及核後端處理的漫長過程中（包括核電廠廢爐除役過程、核廢料短中長期各階段的處理、貯放過程）都無可避免的會對環境生態造成負面影響。
What is Green Power? (這是USEPA 美國聯邦環保署官方網站上對於"綠電(Green Power)的符合資格認定的說明與解釋的完整內容)
The U.S. energy supply is composed of a wide variety of energy resources; however, not all energy resources have the same environmental benefits and costs.
Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit. The U.S. voluntary market defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. Customers often buy green power for its zero emissions profile and carbon footprint reduction benefits.
Renewable energy includes resources that rely on fuel sources that restore themselves over short periods of time and do not diminish. Such fuel sources include the sun, wind, moving water, organic plant and waste material (eligible biomass), and the earth's heat (geothermal). Although the impacts are small, some renewable energy technologies can have an impact on the environment. For example, large hydroelectric resources can have environmental trade-offs on such issues as fisheries and land use.
Conventional power includes the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) and the nuclear fission of uranium. Fossil fuels have environmental costs from mining, drilling, or extraction, and emit greenhouse gases and air pollution during combustion. Although nuclear power generation emits no greenhouse gases during power generation, it does require mining, extraction, and long-term radioactive waste storage.
The following graphic depicts how the U.S. Voluntary market defines green power based on its relative environmental benefits.
原始內容請見美國聯邦環保署官網 :
https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power
